PHISIOLOGY Flashcards
Effect of estrogen on spermatogenesis
+
LH increases … levels
Testosterone
FSH stimulates … production in stertoli cells
INHIBIN (which keeps FSH levels within a set point)
Stertoli cells produce …
AMH (antimüllerian hormone) and INHIBIN
CHOLESTEROL SYNTHESIS
TESTOSTERONE SYNTHESIS
Enzyme responsible for masculinization of the external genitalia in utero and form many of the changes associated with puberty (growth of the penis, darkening and folding of the scrotum, growth of pubic and axillaey hair…)
5 alpha reductase
CONVERSION AND TRANSPORT OF TESTOSTERONE
Testosterone is sequestered by binding to … within the seminiferous tubules or circulates within the peripheral circulation bound to … and can be peripherally converted to …
androgen-binding protein (ABP), sex hormone–binding globulin (SHBG), dihydrotestosterone (DHT) or estradiol-17β (E2).
CONVERSION AND TRANSPORT OF TESTOSTERONE
TESTOSTERONE METABOLISM
The… resides in the cytoplasm bound to… proteins in the absence of ligand. … binding or …binding causes dissociation of the … proteins, followed by nuclear translocation of the … complex.
AR, chaperone, Testosterone-AR, DHT-AR, chaperone, androgen-androgen response element (ARE)
TESTOSTERONE METABOLISM
Testosterone can be conjugated with glucuronic acid or sulfate, being released through … or …
Biliar, renal secretions
TESTOSTERONE ACTIONS
TESTOSTERONE REGULATION
Occluding junctions between Stertoli cells form the … to avoid immune rejection of the developing gametes
BLOOD TESTIS BARRIER
Males with excessive adipose tissue develop….
GYNECOMASTIA (too much SHBG-testosterone is converted into estradiol by aromatase in adipose and hepatic tissues).
What happens in hypothalamic gonadism? (= tertiary gonadism)
The patient has a hypothalamic problem and GnRH is not produced, so LH is neither produced and testosterone cannot be created.
We provide the patient with GnRH; in case he does not want to be a parent, we can just give him testosterone.
