Philosophy questions (Chapter 2)

Question 1

Are statements of judgment that are in need of further justification

Answer 1

opinions

Question 2

What did the philosophers called the truth when it is scientifically proven, that is, when it is backed by data-gathering, analysis and repeated verification

Answer 2

Objective truths

Question 3

Who is the philosopher who argues that apart from the scientific truths, there are other domains in life in which we understand the truth differently.

Answer 3

Jürgen Habermas

Habermas (1979)

Question 4

Is analogous with (not the exact equivalent) of a general agreement or consensus on what is right as opposed to what is wrong. The truths in the ______ _______are mostly products of an “agreement” in society that has been established over time.

Answer 4

Social domain

Question 5

This is a precarious domain of truth because no one can have access to our minds and our thoughts except ourselves. For this reason, the truths that we claim in this domain need corresponding actions that will establish trust.

Answer 5

Personal domain

Question 6

Who is the American philosopher that stated: Truth can be understood as what has passed “procedures of justification”

Answer 6

Richard rorty

(Rorty, 1989)

Question 7

The process of proving the truth or validity of a statement. This process is made up of ways of critically testing a claim against certain criteria

Answer 7

Justification

Question 8

What is the justification/criteria for truth in Scientific/Objective domain?

Answer 8

Empirical Evidences

Question 9

What is the justification/criteria for truth in Social domain

Answer 9

Acceptability to a particular time in history

Question 10

What is the justification/criteria for truth in Personal domain

Answer 10

Consistency and authenticity of the person who claims it

Question 11

held as true when it is justified by data gathered from careful observation and analysis. It goes through a rigorous review process where experts raise critical questions that the researchers should be prepared to answer and defend with data.

Answer 11

Scientific statement

Question 12

Its justification takes longer than scientific truths. This is especially true when what is involved in the process of justifying them are people coming from varying backgrounds and history.

Answer 12

Social Norms

Question 13

Its justification is probably the longest to complete among the three.

Answer 13

Personal Truths

Question 14

Are statements of judgment that are in need of further justification

Answer 14

Opinion

Question 15

Is a group of statements that serve to support a conclusion. It is composed of a claim (the conclusion of an argument) and premises (the reasons used to support the conclusion).

Answer 15

Argument

Question 16

Are a group of statements that appear to be arguments, but fail to support the conclusion.

Answer 16

Fallacies

Question 17

Who is the French Philosopher who said that only the mind, not the body can arrive at clear and distinct ideas which cannot be doubted

Answer 17

Rene Descartes (1596-1650)

Question 18

Cogito Ergo Sum

Answer 18

“I think, therefore I am”