Philosophy Prelim Flashcards
T or F
The greek word ‘philo’ and ‘sophia’ is the origin of the word ‘philosopher’.
False.
‘philosopher’—’philosophy’
T or F
Philosophy particularly in Eastern Philosophy originated from the two greek word ‘philo’ and ‘sophia’.
False
Eastern—Western
T or F
Philo means love while sophia means wisdom.
True
T or F
The words ‘philo’ and ‘sophia’ are two latin words.
False
Latin—Greek
T or F
Love of wisdom refers to the strong desire of the human person to possess knowledge and apply it incorrectly.
False
Incorrectly—correctly
T or F
Epistemology, metaphysics, logic, ethics/axiology, and aesthetics are the history of philosophy.
False
History—branches
T or F
Epistemology studies the nature of knowledge and the rationality of belief.
True
T or F
Logic is the means of production of knowledge.
False
Logic—Epistemology
T or F
Aesthetics concerns the matter of value/morality.
False
Aesthetics—Ethics/Axiology
T or F
Metaphysics studies and asks questions about the essence and existence of a being.
True
T or F
Ethics/Axiology concerned with meaning or truth.
False
Ethics/Axiology—Logic
T or F
Logic is the science of correct thinking.
True
T or F
Logic explores the nature and appreciation of art, beauty, and taste.
False
Logic—Aesthetics
T or F
Pythagoras is the first person to name himself a philosopher or lover of wisdom.
True
T or F
Heraclitus is an Ionian Greek Philosopher.
False
Heraclitus—Pythagoras
T or F
Pythagoras is the first moral philosopher.
False
Pythagoras—Socrates
T or F
Thales of Miletus is the teacher of Pythagoras.
True
T or F
Socrates is known for his Pythagorean Theorem in geometry.
False
Socrates—Pythagoras
T or False
Socrates is the father of Classical Western Philosophy.
True
T or F
Heraclitus believed that the world originated from the fire element.
True
T or F
Thales of Miletus is also known as the star gazer.
True
T or F
Pythagoras explained that the world was made up of water.
False
Pythagoras—Thales of Miletus
T or F
Heraclitus is the first person to explain the world and universe outside mythological concepts.
False
Heraclitus—Thales of Miletus
T or F
“The only permanent in this world is change” - Heraclitus
True
T or F
“No one ever steps into the river twice” - Pythagoras
False
Pythagoras—Heraclitus
T or F
Aristotle is the teacher of Plato.
False
Aristotle—Socrates
T or F
On his treatise, Peri Psyche, the soul is divided into three types and each according to each living being. - Plato
False
Plato—Aristotle
T or F
Aristotle is the student of plato and teacher of Alexander the Great.
True
T or F
Appetitive, Rational, and Spirited; are the souls belonging to each living being.
True
T or F
According to Socrates, the soul is the principle which explains all life.
False
Socrates—Plato
T or F
“Virtue is knowledge” - Plato
True
T or F
Pythagoras stresses that man must take good care of its soul.
False
Pythagoras—Socrates
T or F
“All human being desires the good” - Plato
False
Plato—Socrates
T or F
“The soul is immortal, even the physical ceased to exist” - Aristotle
False
Aristotle—Plato
T or F
Plato is the student of Socrates and teacher of Aristotle.
True
T or F
Saint Augustine of Hippo is the Bishop of Hippo of South Africa.
False
South—North
T or F
Saint Thomas Aquinas combined the Christian Doctrine with Platonic Ideology.
False
Saint Thomas Aquinas—Saint Augustine of Hippo
T or F
Rene Descartes is the Father of the church.
False
Rene Descartes—Saint Augustine of Hippo
T or F
Saint Augustine of Hippo believed that everything is connected with God.
True
T or F
Saint Thomas Aquinas believed that truth is to be accepted no matter where it is found.
True
T or F
Plato followed the Aristotelian Philosophy.
False
Plato—Saint Thomas Aquinas
T or F
Saint Thomas Aquinas is the Father of modern western philosophy.
False
Saint Thomas Aquinas—Rene Descartes
T or F
Pythagoras reaffirmed the three types of soul.
False
Pythagoras—Saint Thomas Aquinas
T or F
Rene Descartes is the Father of analytical geometry.
True
T or F
Rene Descartes believed that the mind and body is distinct but closely joined.
True
T or F
Cogito ergo sum; “I think, therefore, I don’t exist”
False
I don’t exist—I am/I exist
T or F
Cogito ergo sum - Saint Thomas Aquinas
False
Saint Thomas Aquinas—Rene Descartes
T or F
Philosophy traces its roots to when people started asking why and tried looking for an answer.
False
Philosophy—Philosophizing
T or F
Philosophical Questions is the attempt to logically formulate, understand, and answer the essential questions that we ask.
False
Philosophical Questions—Philosophizing
There are difficult questions and almost impossible to answer. These questions can only be expressed in different forms such as;
-the ability to ______.
-ask ______.
-______ one’s thought.
-analyze certain ______ and ______.
Reflect
Questions
Explain
Experience and Phenomena
Holistic or Partial
Looks only at a limited number of aspects of the given problem or situation.
Partial
Holistic or Partial
Looks at all aspects of the given or situation.
Holistic
Holistic or Partial
Listening only to your friend’s advice on what course to take in college.
Partial
Holistic or Partial
Using different sources of information in doing your research.
Holistic
Holistic or Partial
Conclusions are made based on considering some but not all sides of the problem or situation.
Partial
Holistic or Partial
All aspects are given importance when making conclusions.
Holistic
Holistic or Partial
All aspects are tied in together to form a general overview of the given problem of situation.
Holistic
Holistic or Partial
Not judging the people by what we see on social media instead of learning to know them better.
Holistic
Holistic or Partial
Listening to both your teachers and parent’s advice on what course to take in college.
Holistic
Holistic or Partial
Judging the character of people we know just by merely looking at their facebook posts.
Partial
Holistic or Partial
Using only one source of information in doing your research.
Partial
He claimed that knowledge acquired merely through our senses, is not real knowledge at all. It is through philosophical reasoning where we gain true knowledge.
Plato
In searching for the ______, you are already philosophizing.
Truth
Searching for the ______ is what prompted Philosophers to ______
in the first place.
Truth, philosophize
It is the study of the world.
Cosmology
It is defined as something which can be proven or justified using one’s faculties or senses that follows the order of logic which is factual and valid under the normal human reason.
Truth
Criteria for truth. (5)
Logic
Common sense
Knowledge
Opinions
Arguments
_______ comes from the greek word ‘logike’ which pertains to ______.
Logic, art of reasoning
It is a science that deals with the systematic process of reasoning in order to arrive at something.
Logic
It is defined as a sound and prudent judgement based on a simple perception of the situation or facts.
Common sense
It is the product of our belief and self-expression about something.
Opinions
It is something that we deem to understand or grasp fully.
Knowledge
Veracity=_____;_____
Veritas; Truth
Are statements which provides reasons to persuade someone that your point is truthful.
Arguments
Faulty arguments are called ______.
Fallacies
Statements that may seem valid and logical at first but are actually invalid and ilogical.
Fallacies
It is something that is not the truth and would deceive us.
Fallacies
Baculum is a stick which symbolizes ______.
Authority
Are defined as statements which are misleading and erroneous. We tend to commit ______ because our arguments are crafted and stated in a wrong way.
Fallacies
Directly attacking the person to destroy his/her arguments.
Argumentum Ad Hominem
“You need to pass me in this subject, since I will lose my scholarship if you don’t.”
Appeal to pity
Appealing to a person’s unfortunate circumstances as a way of getting someone to accept a conclusion.
Appeal to pity
Argument to the people.
Argumentum Ad Hominem
Appeal to popularity.
Argumentum Ad Populum
Appeal to Force.
Argumentum Ad Baculum
“Politicians who talk against corruption should not be heard since they too are corrupt.”
Argumentum Ad Hominem
The conclusion given to an argument is lacking and is illogical and baseless.
Hasty Generalization
“If you don’t join our demonstration against the expansion of the park, we will evict you from your apartment; So, you should join our demonstration against the expansion of the park.”
Argumentum Ad Baculum
It is based upon the appeal to force or threat in order to bring about the acceptance of a conclusion.
Argumentum Ad Baculum
“Jenny is from Camayo Campus and she is intelligent. Therefore, all students from Camayo Campus are intelligent.”
Hasty Generalizations
“Liza wants to buy an Iphone 12 because everyone in her class has it and she is afraid that she is out of ‘fad’ or not ‘in’.”
Argumentum Ad Populum
Determining an argument using false cause and effect between different events.
Post Hoc
The argument is acceptable since many are doing it.
Argumentum Ad Populum
“A spoon fell from the dining table, therefore, we must expect a lady guest.”
Post Hoc
Inductive Argument
Fallacy of Composition
Deductive Argument
Fallacy of Division
Comparing two similar terms/ideas but has wrongful usage/meaning.
False Analogy
One thinks that what is true to the whole is true to a part.
Fallacy of Division
One thinks that what is true to the part is also true to the whole.
Fallacy of Composition
“Hydrogen is not wet and Oxygen is not wet. Therefore, water (H20) is not wet.”
Fallacy of Composition
“Our santol tree has a bark. My dog barks. Therefore, the santol tree also barks.”
False Analogy
“America is the wealthiest nation on earth, so George ( an American) must be rich.”
Fallacy of Division
“I have a right to free speech, therefore, you cannot stop me from talking.”
Petitio Principii
Begging the Question
Petitio Principii
Assuming that something true in general is true in every possible case.
Dicto Simpliciter
“Exercise is good. Therefore, everybody should exercise.”
Dicto Simpliciter
It is a fallacy that treats matter under debate as already established and assumes that thing or idea to be proven is true.
Petitio Principii
Types of Fallacies. (11)
Appeal to Pity
Argumentum Ad Hominem
Argumentum Ad Baculum
Hasty Generalization
Post Hoc
Argumentum Ad Populum
False Analogy
Fallacy of Composition
Fallacy of Division
Dicto Simpliciter
Petitio Principii
Construct an essay on the topic Doing Philosophy with grammatical correct construction and correct punctuation arrangements.
Doing Philosophy—When we are doing philosophical reflection and we are engaging in finding ways or methodologies to eliminate any practical problem or abstract idea, we are already ‘doing philosophy’.
