Philosophy Of Mind Definitions

Question 1

Substance

Answer 1

Something that does not depend on another thing to exist, it has properties and persists through changes.

Question 2

Properties

Answer 2

an atribute or characteristic of a substance. (For example being green-an apple or tall-Ben)

Question 3

Mental States

Answer 3

Mental phenomena that can endure over time, such as beliefs and desires.

Question 4

Phenomenal Properties

Answer 4

Properties of an experience that give it its distinctive experiential quality, and which are apprehended in phenomenal consciousness.

Question 5

Qualia

Answer 5

mental states that are intrinsic and non-intentional (the taste of coffee)

Question 6

Intrinsic

Answer 6

properties that something has in and of itself.

Question 7

Non-intentional

Answer 7

A mental state that was not out of choice.

Question 8

Introspection

Answer 8

Direct, first-personal awareness of one’s own mental states.

Question 9

Intentionality

Answer 9

A property of a mental state that enables it to be about something.

Question 10

Substance Dualism

Answer 10

The theory that two kinds of substance exist, mental and physical substance.

Question 11

Ontological versus Analytic

Reduction

Answer 11

Analytic reduction: translating one concept into another concept without loss of meaning.
Ontological Reduction: one thing is completely identical to another.

Question 12

Reducible

Answer 12

A property is reducible to another if it can be completely explained in terms of the second.

Question 13

Metaphysical possibility

Answer 13

Something is logically possible but not physically possible, according to scientific laws in this universe.

Question 14

Conceivability

Answer 14

Capable of being imagines without incoherence or contradiction.

Question 15

Interactionist dualism

Answer 15

Body and mind are two distinct and independent substances that exert causal effects on one another.

Question 16

Physicalism

Answer 16

belief that everything that exists is physical or depends on something that is physical

Question 17

Hard behaviourism

Answer 17

mental state language is completely reducible to physical behaviour (Paul’s toothache example)

Question 18

Soft behaviourism

Answer 18

Talk of the mind is talk of how someone may behave under certain conditions. However, they are not completely reducible.

Question 19

Dispositions

Answer 19

How someone is likely to behave under certain circumstances.

Question 20

super-Spartan

Answer 20

People in Putnam’s thought experiment that do not show pain. To the point that they no longer have the disposition to demonstrate pain.

Question 21

brain states

Answer 21

Physical process’s of the Brain (For example C-fibers firing)

Question 22

circularity

Answer 22

An argument which employs its own conclusion as a premise.

Question 23

multiple-realisability

Answer 23

1) The claim that there are many ways in which one and the same mental state can be expressed in behaviour.
2) The claim that one and the same mental state can have its function performed by different physical states.

Question 24

asymmetry

Answer 24

A difference between mind and brain.

Question 25

mind-brain type identity theory

Answer 25

mental properties are ontologically reducible, and identical to physical properties.

Question 26

category mistake

Answer 26

Misunderstanding the logical category that a concept belongs in (For example “this number is heavy”, when numbers cannot have weight)