Philosophy Module 1 Flashcards
it is the study of many conditions to identify and make one subject of experience distinct from other experiences
The Philosophy of the self
it is a unified being essentially connected with consciousness, awareness, and agency
Self
it is an academic discipline concerned with investigating the significance of ordinary and scientific beliefs.
Philosophy
it investigates the legitimacy of concepts by rational arguments.
Philosophy
Who was the one who questioned the myths and abandoned learning about them?
The Greeks
What is arche?
it the origin or source, primal matter.
It explains the multiplicity of the things in the world
What is arche according to Socrates?
The soul’s movement is the ultimate arche or origin of all other movements. The arche has no origin outside itself
Who were the Philosophers during the Pre-Socratic Era?
Thales, Pythagoras, Parmenides, Heraclitus, Empedocles
Who were the Philosophers during the Socratic era?
Socrates, Plato, St. Augustine, St. Thomas Aquinas
Who were the Philosophers during the Modern Philosophy Era?
Rene Descartes, David Hume, Immanuel Kant, Gilbert Ryle, Merleau Ponty
concerned with the “problem of the self”
Socrates
The true task of a philosopher is to know oneself
Socrates
An unexamined life is not worth living for
Socrates
The worst thing that can happen to anyone is to live but die inside
Socrates
The soul is immortal
Socrates
Success makes people think about “who they are.”
Socrates
Who underwent trial?
Socrates
Why did Socrates undergo trial?
He corrupted the mind of the youth
Why did Socrates die?
he drank “Hemlock” a poison
Every person is dualistic
Socrates
Who is the teacher of Plato?
Socrates
What is the theory of Socrates made by Plato?
Socratic Dialogue
He is a student of Socrates.
Plato
He stated that if the human being do not live in accordance to their nature or function, then the result will be injustice
Plato
What is the theory of Plato?
Theory of Forms
He also believed that the soul is immortal
Plato
He proposed the 3 components of the soul
Plato
What are the 3 components of the soul?
Rational Soul, Spirited Soul, Appetitive Soul
What is a Rational Soul?
is the individual’s ability to rationale; has the reason and intellect to govern or conduct affairs
What is a Spirited Soul?
keeping emotions at bay; our ability to feel things; emotions
What is an Appetitive Soul?
base desires of human being
Spirited of the Man in the medieval philosophy
St. Augustine
He follows the view of Plato about the theory of form but adds Christianity
St. Augustine
He stated that a man is bifurcated or divided into 2 branches of nature
St. Augustine
He stated that part of the man dwell or lives in the world (imperfect) but yearns to be with the divine
St. Augustine
He stated that other parts of the body is capable of reaching immortality
St. Augustine
Physical realm (Socrates)
Body
Ideal Realm (Socrates)
Soul
Body ____ on earth and Soul _____ eternally in the spiritual bliss with ____-
dies; lives; God
He stated that “The soul is what makes us humans.”
St. Thoman Aquinas
What is the other term for Matter?
Hyle
What is the other term for Form?
Morphe
What is Matter?
are the common stuff that makes up everything in the universe
What is Form?
is the essence of the substance of something (what makes it, what is)
The body of humans is similar to animals/objects but what makes us unique is ______
the essence of our soul, stated by St. Thiman Aquinas
Man = ____ + _____ according to St. Thomas Aquinas
matter + form
Who is the Father of Modern Philosphy?
Rene Descartes
He stated that “There are so much that we should doubt.”
Rene Descartes
He said that, if something is so clear and lucid as not to be doubted, then that’s the only time we should believe.
Rene Descartes
He stated that “the only thing that no one can doubt is the existence of the self.”
Rene Descartes
Cogito ergo sum
I think, therefore I am
Who stated Cogito ergo sum (I think, therefore I am)?
Rene Descartes
He said that the body if the machine attached to the mind
Rene Descartes
The mind is what makes us human
Rene Descartes
What is Rene Descartes theory called?
Methodological Skepticism
Who stated, “I am a thinking thing. A thing that doubts, understands, affirms, denies, wills, refuses, imagine, and perceives
Rene Descartes
Human person = _____ + _______, stated by Rene Descartes
body + mind
Who is the Philosopher who disagrees with the 4 Pre-Socratic Philosophers and Rene Descartes?
David Hume
He believed that one can only know what comes from the senses and experiences
David Hume
He believed that the self is not an entity beyond the physical body
David Hume
He stated that “You know that other people are human not because you have seen their soul but because you see them, hear them, and feel them.”
David Hume
He believed that “The self is nothing but a bundle of impression and ideas.”
David Hume
What is Impression stated by David Hume?
Impressions are the objects that can either experience or sensation; it form the core of one’s thoughts
What is an Idea stated by David Hume?
Ideas are copies of Impression; it is not as real as impression
The self is in a_________ (David Hume)
Perpetual Flux
The self is a collection of _______ (David Hume)
different perception
Who was the Philospher that agreed to David Hume that everything starts with the perception/sensation of impressions?
Immanuel Kant
What is the Theory of David Hume?
Bundle Theory
He believed that “Time, space, etc are some ideas that one cannot find in the world, but is build in the mind.”
Immanuel Kant
He stated that “Apparatus of the mind.”
Immanuel Kant
“There is a mind that regulates these impressions.”
Immanuel Kant
He stated that “We need ACTIVE INTELLIGENCE to be able to synthesize all knowledge and experience
Immanuel Kant
He stated that “The self is not only a personality but also a seat of knowledge.”
Immanuel Kant
“The self organizes different impressions that one gets in relation to his own existence.”
Immanuel Kant
Who stated, “I act, therefore I am.”
Gilbert Ryle
He denies the internal, not the physical self
Gilbert Ryle
He believed that the self is not an entity one can locate or analyze but it is simply the convenient name that we use to refer to the behaviors that we make
Gilbert Ryle
What is the theory of Gilbert Ryle?
Concept of Minds
Merleau is a _______-
Phenomenologist
He disagrees with St. Augustine
Merleau Ponty
He believed that the mind-body bifurcation is an invalid problem
Merleau Ponty
He stated that “One’s body is his opening towards his existence to the world.”
Merleau Ponty
He stated that “The living body, his thoughts, emotions, and experiences are all one.”
Merleau Ponty
He coined the phrase “Ghost in the machine.”
Merleau Ponty
