Philosophy (Midterm) Flashcards
(45 cards)
He founded phenomenology, which is essentially a philosophical method.
Edmund Husserl
It is the study of the development of human consciousness and self-awareness as a preface to or a part of philosophy. It is the scientific study of the essential structures of consciousness.
Phenomenology
This focuses on careful inspection and description of phenomena or appearances defined as any object of conscious experience that which we are conscious of (Johnston, 2006).
Phenomenology
This means anything that we are rationally and intentionally thinking about. Basically, it refers to our ideas.
Phenomenology
In Husserl’s Logical Investigations, he argued against ____________; the idea that truth is dependent on the ____________ of the human mind, and that philosophy is reducible to psychology.
psychologism, peculiarities
Phenomenon comes directly from the Greek ____________, meaning “___________”.
phainomenon, appearance
It means the biological and cognitive matters of the mind.
Psychology
German Philosopher, had used the same word to refer to the world of our experiences, but Husserl intended a similar meaning except for the crucial fact that for him,
Immanuel Kant
“noumenon” literally means
Thing in itself
The phenomenological standpoint is achieved through a series of phenomenological
Reduction
This eliminate certain aspects of our experience from consideration.
Phenomenological Reduction
The first and best known is the ______ or “__________” that he describes in Ideas:
Epoche and Suspension
This eliminates the merely empirical contents of consciousness and focuses instead on the essential features the meaning of consciousness.
The second reduction
It is a chiefly 20th century philosophical movement embracing diverse doctrines but centering on analysis of individual existence in an unfathomable universe. (Merriam Webster).
Existentialism
- It is exactly a set of doctrines but more of an outlook or attitude supported by diverse doctrines centered on certain common themes.
Existentialism
- he is a Danish Philosopher, first existentialist, who insisted that the authentic self was the personally chosen self, as opposed to public or “herd” identity.
Soren Kierkagaard
- He took this view of opposition of the genuine individual versus the public “herd” identity.
Friedrich Nietzche
- Both Kierkegaard and Nietzche influenced _________ whose conception of ownness came to dominate contemporary existentialist thought.
Martin Heidegger
- a French philosopher, emphasizes the importance of free individual choice regardless of the power of other people to influence and coerce our desires beliefs and decisions.
Jean-Paul Sartre
a theory that involves a radical reappraisal of modern assumptions about culture, identity, history, or language.
Postmodernism
- It is at best a holding pattern, perhaps a cry of despair.
Postmodernism
- It rightly talks about world philosophy, the philosophy of many cultures, but such talk is not a philosophy either.
Postmodernism
These people believe that humanity should come at truth beyond the rational to the non-rational elements of human nature, including the spiritual.
Postmodernist
The American philosopher, notably developing themes from pragmatism and certain quarters of analytic philosophy and bringing these together with continental themes,
Richard Rorty