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Philosophy > Philosophy final > Flashcards

Philosophy final Flashcards

1
Q

033: What western literary tradition was captured?

A

The primordial mythological sensibility in which the events of human existence were perceived as intimately related to and informed by the eternal realm of gods and goddesses

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2
Q

034: How was the world conceived?

A

In the various divinities and their powers lay a sense of the universe at an ordered whole.

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3
Q

035: What happened by the fifth century principles?

A

Greek tragedians were employing the ancient myths to explore the deeper themes of the human condition.

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4
Q

040: What was parmenides’s early struggle?

A

The struggle with language and logic. “To be” made it impossible to change

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5
Q

041: What was the essence of Parenides’s declaration?

A

Autonomy and superiority of the human reason as judge of reality.

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6
Q

045: What was ther via regia for pythagoras?

A

For Pythagoras it was spiritual illumination.

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7
Q

051: How are the gods protrayed?

A

The gods were portrayed as Greek men and women. Ideal, spiritualized yet manifestly human and individual.

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8
Q

053: Who were the Sophists and what did they believe?

A

professional teachers, secular humansists of a liberal spirit who offered both intellectual instruction and guidence for sucess of in practical affairs.

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9
Q

060: What did the radical skepticism of the sophists led some to advocate?

A

A radical skepticism toward all values led some to advocate an explicitly amoral opportunism.

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10
Q

066: What was socrates’ overriding concern?

A

How one should live and how to think clearly about how one should live

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11
Q

068: Why did socrates conclude that he was indeed the weiest?

A

He alone recognized his own ignorance.

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12
Q

069: What did socrates establish for the first time?

A

A new awareness of the central significance of the soul.

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13
Q

076: In his dialogues, what dies plato do in his portrait of socrates?

A

Socrates is portrayed as his ideas coming closer to Plato’s ideas.

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14
Q

078: What is Socrates’ “Fundamental Postulate”?

A

serve as the ultimate foundation for knowledge and moral standards

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15
Q

088: What does Socrates become for Plato?

A

Socrates becomes the orator of Platonism.

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16
Q

099: What is the law of universal logos?

A

Everything is defined by and balanced by its opposite.

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17
Q

100: What does the term kosmos mean?

A

Order structural perfection and beauty

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18
Q

101: How should one understand the Socratic dictum know thyself?

A

A directive to universal understanding

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19
Q

104: What did the ancients see in the celestial and terrestrial realms?

A

Ancient observers noticed a fundamental distinction between the celestial and terrestrial realms.

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20
Q

112: What did plato consider blasphemous? Why?

A

To call celestial bodies wanderers.

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21
Q

116: What four ways can be used to access this foundation?

A

Intuition memory, aesthetics imagination, logic mathematics, and empirical observation.

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22
Q

121: How do Plato and Aristotle differ over universals and particulars?

A

“For Plato, the particular was, less real, a derivative of the universal; for Aristotle, the universal was less real, a derivative of the particular”

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23
Q

124: How do Aristotle and Plato differ over form and substance?

A

Plato–> Every substance has a form and it naturally strives to realize its form; strives for perfection

Aristotle--> Gave the process of becoming its own reality asserting that governing its self revealed on that process.
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24
Q

126: What did Plato “distrust and Aristotle trust?

A

Plato distrusted knowledge while Aristotle put complete trust into it

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25
Q

135: What isn’t the prime mover?

A

The prime mover is not the center of the world.

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26
Q

139: How does De Philsosphia see the philosopher’s profession?

A

To discover the intelligible essence of the universe and the propose behind all change.

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27
Q

140: How does Aristotle differ from plato over ethics and morality?

A

Adaptation to the situation.

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28
Q

145: What were the Greeks the first to see?

A

They were the first to see the world as a question to be answered.

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29
Q

146: How can the first set of characteristics be characterized?

A

Plato’s thoughts of the world and philosophy. Transcendency.

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30
Q

147: How can the second set of characteristics be characterized?

A

Aristotle’s thoughts of immanence within the world

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31
Q

152: What observation did Horace make about the Greek legacy?

A

The captive Greeks took the victors capture.

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32
Q

156: What was the stoic view of reality?

A

All reality was spread through an intelligent divine force. The logos or the universal reason which ordered all things.

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33
Q

157: What was the primary value of life according to the epicureans?

A

Pleasure

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34
Q

164: What is ptolemy remembered for doing?

A

He created a model of astronomers from that time to the renaissance.

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35
Q

167: What in large part was the impetus behind astronomy?

A

Astrology

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36
Q

171: What does the phrasing intelligible significance refer to?

A

Astrology possessed a significance to humans because this meant that humans made an impact to the divine ethos.

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37
Q

179: What brought the Greek legacy to the west?

A

The conquest of the entire mediterranean and extending their civilization to the new world

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38
Q

181: What was Romes cultural splendor?

A

Rome’s cultural splendors were inspired by Greece’s glory

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39
Q

187: What role did the church play in the early development of the west?

A

The Church served as the one institution uniting the west and sustaining a connection with classical civilization.

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40
Q

192: How did the orthodox church understand its self?

A

The Orthodox Church understood itself to be an authority founded with the first apostles.

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41
Q

194: What symbiotic relation is identified?

A

Church established divine authority of spiritual canon. Spiritual canon established divine authority of the church.

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42
Q

197: What does the final design refer to?

A

The kingdom of God

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43
Q

208: What did Christian theology establish?

A

The biblical revelation as absolute truth and demanded strict conformity to Church doctrine from any philosophical speculations

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44
Q

210:What was “potently initiated” with John’s gospel?

A

Johns Gospel initiated Christians relationship to Hellenistic philosophy.

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45
Q

216: What views of history are presented?

A

Cynical

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46
Q

218: What is reflected in the Wisdom Books?

A

The broad geographical dispersion of Jewish communities throughout the Mediterranean empire had accelerated this influence–Greek thought

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47
Q

220: According to Augustine, how could Plato’s metaphysical conception be fulfilled?

A

Plato’s metaphysical conception can be filled by the judeou-christian revelation of the supreme creator.

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48
Q
  1. Why was faith a “primary means?”
A

Because logos was God’s saving word, to believe was to be saved

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49
Q
  1. What happened with man’s rebellion?
A

This human reason was obscured and revelation was extremely necessary

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50
Q
  1. How did Christian theologians approach the Greek classics?
A

Still philosophize but staying within the defined boundaries of the christian dogma

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51
Q
  1. What contrast is presented between the “Hellenistic focus” and Christianity?
A

Christianity focused on universal salvation, where Hellenic culture focused on great heroes and rare philosophers

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52
Q
  1. What wasn’t and was the Christianity mystery?
A

Not and arguable result of reasoning or as an alternative to pagan religious but as the authentic proclamation of gods absolute truth

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53
Q
  1. What did the institutional Church become?
A

The official guardian of the final truth and the highest court

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54
Q

248: What is the first view of Christianity presented?

A

Spiritual evolution now transforming both the souls and world in gods love.

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55
Q

249: What is the second view of Christianity presented?

A

Alienation of man and the world from God.

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56
Q

258: What two views of the church are given?

A

Immanent and transcendent God - unified man, spirit, and nature
Entirely transcendent judicial authority separate from man and nature

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57
Q

261: How does our image of God change from Yahweh to Jesus?

A

God was transfigured from the vengeful Yahweh into the human compassionate Jesus Christ.

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58
Q

265: What is the whole drama the text describes?

A

Time from creation to the second coming

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59
Q

271: What view is put forward by Athanasius?

A

God became man in order that we become god.

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60
Q
  1. What did Paul seek to combat?
A

Paul combated the enthusiasts tendency to lose the proper balance between the religious aspirations of the individual and the community

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61
Q
  1. With respect to the Second Coming, what difference can be seen between the Synoptic and John’s Gospel?
A

The synoptic’s encouraged great anticipation of divine activity that would relieve the tone of time

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62
Q
  1. How was Christianity still like Judaism?
A

In the sense that its people were still wanting for the redeemer

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63
Q
  1. What was the “Jewish dialectic” and how was it resolved?
A

It was between gods fearsome omnipotence and Man’s ontological separateness from God. It was resolved through Gods historical plan of salvation and mans total submission

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64
Q
  1. What would Christ restore according to the Church Fathers?
A

The severed relation between man and god and between man and nature

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65
Q
  1. What second view of nature is given?
A

Nature was perceived as that which must be overcome to attain spiritual purity.

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66
Q
  1. How is Augustine a “focal point” for medieval Western Christianity?
A

?

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67
Q
  1. Augustine answered what “great criticism?”
A

That christianity had undermined the integrity of roman empirical power and therefore opened the way for barbarian conflict

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68
Q
  1. According to Augustine, what was History?
A

To Augustine history is God’s will unfolding.

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69
Q
  1. “On the one hand,” how can moral restrictions be seen in the New Testament?
A

As uncompromising and judgmental

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70
Q
  1. “On the other hand,” how can moral restrictions be seen in the New Testament?
A

One the other hand, Jesus’ emphasis was repeatedly on compassion over self righteousness and on the inner spirit over the external letter of the law

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71
Q
  1. What two understandings of Logos can be seen in the Church?
A

As Gods wisdom and as Gods word.

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72
Q
  1. In what two ways was the Spirit recognized?
A

As the divine source of inspiration on that had spoken through the Hebrew prophets; and as the progenitor of Christ with in many and being present at the beginning of Jesus’ ministry.

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73
Q
  1. How was the authority of the Spirit passed on?
A

The authority of the holy spirit was passed on in a sacredly established order to the bishops of the Church with the ultimate authority in the west claimed by the roman pontiff successor to peter

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74
Q
  1. Why was the Church alone capable of sustaining order in the West?
A

Because a political and cultural vacuum was crafted in Europe when Constantine moved the capitol of Rome

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75
Q
  1. How was the patriarchal base of the Church altered?
A

When pagan culture fused with Christianity a deep devotion to Mary was created

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76
Q
  1. What is the mixed New Testament record with regard to Mary?
A

The records all differ

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77
Q
  1. What was “pluralistic in origin” and “monolithic in form?” Why?
A

?

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78
Q
  1. What is the “Manichaean cloud?”
A

The cloud of science taking over. Dualism

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79
Q
  1. What was “in the eyes” of many conscientious Christians?
A

The fact that the continuity of sacred revelation and ritual had been successfully maintained century after century far out weighed the passing evils of contemporary church politics or the temporary distortions of popular belief and theological doctrine

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80
Q
  1. What does the historical record suggest about medieval Christians?
A

The basic tenets of their faith were not abstract beliefs compelled by ecclesiastical authority but rather the very substance of their experience

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81
Q

362: What did the intellectually conscience christian know?

A

They knew themselves to be living in the dim aftermath of a golden age of culture and learning.”

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82
Q

365: What happened around the year 1000 AD/CE?

A

Cultural activity in the West began to quicken.

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83
Q

371: What was Sic et Non and what was its impact on the west?

A

It means yes and now. Medieval thinkers became increasingly preoccupied with the possible plurality of truth.

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84
Q
  1. What was “at the heart of” Aquinas’s vision?
A

His belief that to subtract these extraordinary capacities from man would be to presume to lessen the infinite capacity of God himself and his creative omnipotence

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85
Q
  1. What is “every creature” that God is not?
A

Every creature is a compound of essence and existence.

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86
Q
  1. What did Aristotle and Aquinas hold in common?
A

Form was an active principle not just a structure. The entire creation was dynamically moved relative to the highest form, God.

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87
Q
  1. What pairing are given for Plato, Aristotle, Augustine and Aquinas?
A

Aquinas and Aristotle- We know concrete things first then we can know universals

Augustine and Plato- We can know universals and then concrete

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88
Q
  1. According to Aquinas, “ideas’ have what three kinds of existence?
A

As exemplars in the mind of God independent of things
As intelligible forms in things
As concepts in the human mind formed by abstracting from things

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89
Q
  1. What is the “one great summa” Aquinas sought?
A

Scientific and philosophical achievements of the ancients would be brought with in the the overarching vision of christian theology.

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90
Q
  1. What happened a “half-century” after Aquinas?
A

?

91
Q
  1. Collectively, what did the works of Aristotle and Ptolemy offer?
A

The best view of science and model of the universe

92
Q
  1. What did Dante create?
A

Create a new mythology

93
Q

412: What swept through Europe in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries?

A

With enormous revenues being reaped from the faithful to support the growing magnificence of the papal court and its huge bureaucracy. More people were involved in the the church

94
Q
  1. What three stages of history are envisioned by Joachim of Fiore?
A

The Age of the Father (the Old Testament), the Age of the Son (the New Testament and Church), and a coming Age of the Spirit, when the whole world would be suffused with the divine and the institutional Church would no longer be necessary.

95
Q

416: What two forces were changing the church?

A

Emphasis on individual relationship to God

Elaborate forms and regulations of the church.

96
Q

424: What was Ockham’s razor and what does it mean?

A

Entities are not to be multiplied beyond necessity

97
Q

425: What are the two realities open to human kind?

A

The reality of God (given by revelation)

Reality of the empirical world (given by direct experience)

98
Q

429: What did Aquinas leave room for the ockham did not?

A

God

99
Q
  1. What “radical shift” of focus did Petrarch engineer?
A

The focus and tone of that integration such as as poetry and essays

100
Q
  1. What “awareness” makes Petrarch the “the first man of the Renaissance?”
A

New awareness of life’s richness and recognition of a kindred spirit in the great writers.

101
Q
  1. What was “man” to the humanists?
A

Was capable of discovering within himself the image of the infinite diety

102
Q
  1. What happened to the pagan gods and Classical mythology?
A

Gods regained a sacred dignity

Classical mythology regarded as the religious truth of those who lived before Christ

103
Q
  1. What happened to the “absolute uniqueness” of Christian revelation?
A

It was relativized

104
Q
  1. What Church tradition was undercut?
A

The limitation of divinity to god alone and to the sacramental institutions of the church

105
Q
  1. Where does the phenomenon of the Renaissance lay?
A

?

106
Q
  1. What events point to the dark side of the fourteenth century?
A

?

107
Q
  1. What four technical inventions would play a pivotal role in the new era? [pg 225]
A

?

108
Q
  1. What is meant by “a new pictorial summa?”
A

With Renaissance artistic imagery as its language, a new pictorial summa was written, integrating the dialectical components of Western culture in a transcendent synthesis.

109
Q
  1. What accounts for the unique place held by the Renaissance?
A

Simultaneous balance and synthesis of many opposites: christian and pagan, modern and classical, secular and sacred, art and science, science and religion, poetry and politics.

110
Q
  1. What is said about mankind’s “fall” and “recovery?”
A

The fall from this primal state of enlightenment and grace had brought about a drastic loss of knowledge. Recovery of knowledge was therefore endowed with religious significance.

111
Q
  1. What did Luther fail to find? What did he find?
A

He failed to find that grace in himself or in his own works. Faith in god alone would give him salvation

112
Q
  1. What was Luther’s view of “man?”
A

Luther saw it was the whole man who was corrupt and needed Gods forgiveness, not just particular sins that on could be erased by proper church defined actions.

113
Q
  1. Where was “true Christianity” to be found according to Luther?
A

On faith and scripture alone

114
Q
  1. What is the “paradox of the Reformation” mentioned here?
A

Its essentially ambiguous character, for it was at once a conservative religious reaction and a radically libertarian revolution

115
Q
  1. With respect to the “fundamental question of the Reformation,” what was the “Protestant vision?”
A

In the protestant vision neither the pope nor the church councils possessed the spiritual competence to define christian belief.

116
Q
  1. What is the “first premise” of Luther’s reform?
A

The priesthood of all believers and the authority of the individual conscience in the interpretation of scripture.

117
Q
  1. What were the secular states becoming?
A

The individual secular state now became the defining unit of cultural as well as political authority

118
Q
  1. What three consequences came from the above?
A

1) The establishment of individual state identified churches
2) The division of chruch and state
3) the predominance of the secular society

119
Q
  1. What was the Counter Reformation?
A

It was the beginning of the religious orders

120
Q
  1. What motivated Copernicus?
A

To return to a simple mathematical state which old greeks presented suggested

121
Q
  1. What does “upstart astrologer” refer to?
A

A person who foolishly wished to reverse the entire science of astronomy while flagrantly contradiction the holy bible

122
Q
  1. Why did the Catholic Church condemn the heliocentric hypothesis?
A

Because the ideas denounced the earth being at the center of the universe

123
Q
  1. What was of “particular importance” to Kepler?
A

The most advanced scientific for Kepler the most advanced scientific conclusions affirmed both Copernicus’s theory and the mathematical mysticism of the ancient Pythagorean and platonic philosophers.

124
Q
  1. What could the Church have done?
A

The church could have reacted to this triumph otherwise than it did

125
Q
  1. What drastically undercut the Church’s status among intellectuals?
A

The Church’s formal commitment to a stationary earth drastically undercut its status and influenced among the european intelligentsia.

126
Q
  1. What did Kepler add to the celestial/terrestrial understanding
A

Directly applied notions of terrestrial force to celestial phenomena

127
Q
  1. What did the Christian Descartes assume?
A

That the physical world was composed of infinite number of particles

128
Q
  1. What did Descartes enunciate first?
A

The first unequivocal statement of the law of inertia

129
Q
  1. What did Newton do for Kepler?
A

Newton established that to maintain their stable orbits at the relative speeds and distances specified by Kepler third law

130
Q
  1. What did the educated person know at the beginning of the 18th century?
A

They knew that God had created the universe as a complex mechanical system composed of material particles moving in an infinite neutral space according to a few basic principles such as inertia and gravity that could be analysed mathematically.

131
Q
  1. What governed the celestial and terrestrial?
A

A single set of physical laws governed both the celestial and the terrestrial realms

132
Q
  1. What have been Philosophy’s three identities?
A

Classical it was top dog
Middle ages it was replaced by faith
Renaissance: it was put below science

133
Q
  1. What did Francis Bacon proclaim?
A

He proclaimed the birth of a new era in which natural science would bring man a material redemption to accompany his spiritual progress toward the christian millennium

134
Q
  1. If Bacon wasn’t a philosopher or scientist, what was he?
A

A potent intermediary whose rhetorical power and visionary ideal persuaded future generations to fulfill his revolutionary program.

135
Q
  1. What was Descartes faced with?
A

A crumbling world view

Unexpected discoveries

Collapse of fundamental institutions and cultural traditions

136
Q
  1. What did Descartes set out to do?
A

He set out to discover an irrefutable basis for certain knowledge

137
Q
  1. What is the meaning and significance of cogito, res cogito and res extensa?
A

Cogito: The first principle for all other knowlege, provided basis for subsequent deductions and model for all self evident rational intuitions

Res cogits: Thinking substance, That which man perceives as within

Res extensa: extended substance, “thing that man perceives as outside his mind”

138
Q
  1. Who presents what twin epistemological base?
A

Bacon and Descartes, basis of modern mind.

139
Q
  1. What is the West’s new faith?
A

Science

140
Q
  1. What replaced the dogmatic?
A

Verifiable facts and theories

141
Q
  1. What did the Renaissance leave behind?
A

It left behind the ancient and medieval world views as primitive superstitious childish unscientific and oppressive.

142
Q
  1. The modern world view, like its predecessors, was not entirely stable. Why?
A

A continually evolving way of world and the universals have vanished

143
Q
  1. What was modern science’s culminating triumph over traditional religion?
A

Darwin’s theory of evolution brought the origin of natures species and man himself within the compass of natural science and the modern outlook

144
Q
  1. What did evolutionary theory provoke?
A

A shift from regular predictable harmony of the Cartesian Newtonian world in recognition of natures ceaseless and indeterminate change struggle and development

145
Q
  1. What changed with “mathematical patterning” in scientific thought?
A

We no longer have to depend on God for answers, rather we can look to ourselves.

146
Q
  1. What were the claims of Platonic metaphysics?
A

The eternal ideas, transcendent reality wherein reside true being and meaning, the divine nature of the heavens, the spiritual government of the world, the religious meaning of science.

147
Q
  1. What connection between astrology and astronomy is given?
A

Astronomy had been inextricably tied to the primitive astrological understanding of the heavens as a superior realm of divine significance with the planetary movements carefully observed because of their symbolic import for human affairs.

148
Q
  1. What characterized the early scientific revolutionaries?
A

They were rooted in god

149
Q
  1. What caused the “great passion” in discovery?
A

The discovery of the laws of nature.

150
Q
  1. What terrified Pascal? Why?
A

Size and science. We are no longer significant because of our size.

151
Q
  1. What is meant by the “leap of faith?
A

religion cannot be proven meaning you believe even though there is no rational basis for it.

152
Q
  1. What is meant by God as an “unnecessary hypothesis?”
A

We no longer use god to explain our worldly questions

153
Q
  1. What did Newton’s cosmic architecture demand?
A

It demanded a cosmic architect.

154
Q
  1. What did the “philosophies” recognize?
A

?

155
Q
  1. What views were held by Rousseau?
A

He believed religion was intrinsic to the human condition

156
Q
  1. What synopsis of Marx’s ideas is presented?
A

That both organized religion and the religious impulse itself had been subjected by Marx to a forceful and acute social political critique

157
Q
  1. What view of Nietzsche’s thought is given?
A

The Death of God signified not just the recognition of a religious illusions, but the demise of an entire civilzations world view that for too long had held man back from a darling liberating embrace of life’s totality

158
Q
  1. What shift in the “psychological vector” is presented?
A

Wisdom and authority were characteristically located in the past modern awareness increasingly located that power in the present

159
Q
  1. What did Erasmus suggest?
A

A new understanding of christian eschatology whereby humanity might move toward perfection in this world

160
Q
  1. What “principle” for man is suggested?
A

Man is his own measure.

161
Q
  1. What is the author’s “momentous paradox?”
A

The character of the modern era was the curios manner in which its progress during the centuries following the scientific revolution and the enlightenment brought western man unprecedented freedom power expansion breadth of knowledge success and yet simultaneously served to undermine the human being’s existential situation on virtually every front.

162
Q
  1. What did Freud do to the rationalism of the Enlightenment?
A

Brought the human unconscious under the light of rational investigation

163
Q
  1. What was the consequence of the global explorers?
A

It relativized values

164
Q
  1. “Macrocosmic dimensions” forced what?
A

Upon Mans awareness a disturbingly humble sense of his own relative minuteness in both time and space

165
Q
  1. For Locke, what was knowledge?
A

Knowledge is information which the mind collects

166
Q
  1. What did and didn’t the mind possess?
A

It did not possess innate ideas

167
Q
  1. What new understanding of “to be” is given?
A

It means to be perceived by a mind

168
Q
  1. What does “predigested” refer to?
A

Our mind is already set up to understand things in a certain way

169
Q
  1. What “two modes” are given?
A

One cannot know something about the world simply by thinking nor can one do so simply by sensing or even by sensing and then thinking about the sensations

170
Q
  1. What is Philosophy’s “true work?”
A

Investigating the formal structure of the mind

171
Q
  1. What “attempt,” in Kant’s view, had only produced skepticism?
A

Their attempt to rationalize religion

172
Q
  1. According to Kant, why was God necessary?
A

They are necessary to postulate for a moral existence

173
Q
  1. What contrasts with Idealism?
A

Materialism, the opposite metaphysical option from idealism

174
Q
  1. What is identified as “shadows?”
A

Scientific knowledge

175
Q
  1. What conclusion did Philosophy and Science share?
A

Reality may not be structured in any way the human mind can objectively discern.

176
Q
  1. How did eighteenth-century philosophy and twentieth-century science combine?
A

The modern mind was left free of absolutes but also disconcertingly free of any solid ground

177
Q
  1. What was Emerson’s warning?
A

Mans technical achievements might not be unequivocally in his own best interests

178
Q
  1. How did the Romantic vision of the world differ from the Scientific vision?
A

It perceived the world as a unitary organism rather than an atomistic machine

179
Q
  1. How did the Romantic and Enlightenment view of nature differ?
A

For enlightenment nature was an object for observation and experiments. For Romantic nature was a live vessel of spirit.

180
Q
  1. What would remain central to the Romantics?
A

The search for unifying order and meaning

181
Q
  1. What was the Romantic’s God like?
A

Mystical, pluralistic, all embracing, numinous creative force within nature and within the human spirit.

182
Q
  1. Who became the new saints and prophets of the Romantic culture?
A

The creative masters of the past

183
Q
  1. What is the “bottom line” of modern belief?
A

The Romantics revelations could not overcome their apparent incompatibility with the commonly accepted truths of scientific observation

184
Q
  1. What divisions (dualisms) are identified?
A

Faith reason vision of the medieval era and the religion science of the early modern era are the divisions identified.

185
Q
  1. What is the basis for Hegel’s thought?
A

His understanding of dialectic.

186
Q
  1. What change of direction can be seen in the study of Academic history?
A

It now disengaged itself from the task of discerning great overarching patterns and comprehensive uniformities in history.

187
Q
  1. What did Jung find?
A

Found evidence of a collective unconscious common to all human beings and structured according to powerful archetypal principles.

188
Q
  1. What did and didn’t the discoveries of psychology reveal?
A

The discoveries could reveal nothing with certainty about the worlds actual constitution.

189
Q
  1. What was the downside of “a stupendous quantity of information?”
A

There was less ordering vision, less coherence and comprehension, less certainty.

190
Q
  1. What contrast is given between the 18th and 19th centuries and the 20th century?
A

?

191
Q
  1. Describe what artists have become?
A

They had become realists of a new reality lacking any precedent.

192
Q
  1. What concept from B.L. Whorf is given?
A

His linguistic hypothesis that language shapes the perception of reality as much as reality shapes language.

193
Q
  1. What is meant by “language is a cage?”
A

Human experience is linguistically prestructured, yet the carious structures of language possess no demonstrable connection with an independent reality, the human mind can never claim access to any reality other than that determined by its local form of life.

194
Q
  1. What would an Archimedean point accomplish?
A

?

195
Q
  1. What is said of “Grand theories?”
A

The cannot be sustained without producing empirical falsification and intellectual authoritarianism

196
Q
  1. Why is there no postmodern world view?
A

The postmodern paradigm is by its nature fundamentally subversive of all prardigms, for at its core is the awareness of reality as being at once multiple, local and temporal and without demonstrable foundation.

197
Q
  1. What is and what is said of the one postmodern absolute?
A

The one postmodern absolute is critical consciousness, which, by deconstructing all, seems compelled by its own logic to do so to itself as well.

198
Q
  1. What is Evelyn Fox Keller’s recommendation?
A

That the scientist be capable of emphatic identification with the object he or she seeks to understand reflects a similar reorientation of the scientific mind.

199
Q
  1. Where do we find the most radical criticism of the status quo?
A

In the feminist movement

200
Q
  1. What intellectual question looms over our times?
A

whether the current state of profound metaphysical and epistemological irresolution is something that will continue indefinitely, taking a more radically disorienting forms as the years and decades pass

201
Q
  1. What idea is presented form Toynbee?
A

History is accelerating and the end is approaching

202
Q
  1. What is the meaning of Nietzsche’s “unchained from the sun?”
A

Means the destruction of the metaphysical world death of god.

203
Q
  1. According to Weber, what is it that “no one knows?”
A

“No one knows who will live in this cage of the absolutes in the future”

204
Q
  1. What did Kant draw our attention to?
A

The fact that all human knowledge is interpretive.

205
Q
  1. What is Bateson’s “double bind?”
A

The impossibly problematic situation in which mutually contradictory demands eventually lead a person to becoming schizophrenic.

206
Q
  1. How is the modern situation not identical to the psychiatric “double bind?”
A

The modern human being has not simply been a helpless child, but has actively engaged the world and pursued a specific strategy and mode of activity

207
Q
  1. According to Freud, what are the three wounds
A

Third: Represented by Freud with the mind. Second: Darwin’s theory of evolution. First being Copernicus’s heliocentric theory

208
Q
  1. What did Jung begin to move toward in his later years?
A

He began to move toward a conception of archetypes as autonomous pattern of meaning that appear to structure and inhere in both psyche and matter, thereby in effect dissolving the modern subject-object dichotomy

209
Q
  1. What synthesis did Grof attempt?
A

He links Froid with the physical and Jung with the archetypal mind.

210
Q
  1. What is the author’s first generalization?
A

The archetypal sequence that governed the perinatal phenomena from womb through birth canal to birth was experienced above all as a powerful dialectic, restoring the initial unity but on a new level that preserved the achievement of the whole trajectory.

211
Q
  1. What is the author’s second generalization?
A

Was often experienced simultaneously on both an individual level and often more powerfully a collective level so that the movement from primordial unuty through alienation to liberating resolution was experienced in terms of the evolution of humankind as a whole

212
Q
  1. What is the author’s third generalization?
A

This Archetypal dialectic was experienced or registered in several dimensions

213
Q
  1. What did Kuhn identify as a “fundamental problem”?
A

The problem of explaining why in the history of science one paradigm is chosen over another if paradigms are ultimately incommensurable, if the can not ever be rigorously compared

214
Q
  1. What is Kuhn’s answer to the above?
A

Each paradigm tends to create its own data and its own way of interpreting those data in a manner that is so comprehensive and self validation that scientist operation within different paradigms seem to exist in altogether different worlds.

215
Q
  1. What is the author’s answer to Kuhn’s fundamental problem?
A

?

216
Q
  1. What repression is identified?
A

The evolution of the western mind has been founded on the repression of the feminine–on the repression of undifferentiated unitary consciousness, of the participation mystique with nature

217
Q
  1. What is the “deepest passion” the author is referring to?
A

To reunite with the ground of its own being

218
Q
  1. What is the “greatest challenge” of our times?
A

The evolutionary imperative for the masculine to see through and overcome its hubris and one-sidedness, to own its unconscious shadow, to choose to enter into a fundamentally now relationship of mutuality with the feminine in all its forms

219
Q
  1. What thought is borrowed from Virginia Woolf
A

The success of the masterpieces seems to lie not so much in their freedom from faults, but in the immense persuasiveness of a mind which has completely mastered its perspective.

220
Q
  1. What does this text ask us to do? What ideal is sought?
A

Enter into frames of reference that are radially different than our own. View the world through the eyes of men and women from other times

221
Q
  1. What view of the cosmos was held by early the Greeks?
A

An ordered expression of certain primordial essence or transcendent first principles, variously conceived as forms, ideas, universals, changeless absolutes, immortal deities, divine archaic, and archetypes.

222
Q
  1. Platonism revolves around what central doctrine?
A

The asserted existence of archetypal ideas or forms

223
Q
  1. Why is the universal superior to the particular?
A

Universal is a separate entity from the particular and because it is beyond change and never passes away

224
Q
  1. What do the terms ontology and epistemology mean?
A

Ontology: The theory of being
Epistemology: The theory of knowledge

Philosophy (3 decks)

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