PHILOSOPHY CO5-6 Flashcards
What is Politics
Politics in a broadest sense, is the activity through which people make, preserve and amend the general rules under which they live. (Heywood, 2014)
in a broadest sense, is the activity through which people make, preserve and amend the general rules under which they live. (Heywood, 2014)
Politics
In theory, Politics can also be linked to the phenomena of _____and ________.
CONFLICT and COOPERATION.
is a view that persons’ moral and/or political obligations are dependent upon a contract or agreement among them to form the society in which they live.
Social Contract
Social Contract
is a view that persons’ moral and/or political obligations are dependent upon a contract or agreement among them to form the society in which they live.
is simply a contract between individuals to form a governing body and to be subjected to that.
is also a process of Cooperation of Individuals.
Social Contract Theory
Social Contract Theory
is simply a contract between individuals to form a governing body and to be subjected to that.
Theory is also a process of Cooperation of Individuals.
what are the THREE PRINCIPAL CAUSES OF CONFLICTS
The Desire for Gain;
The Desire for Safety;
The Desire for Glory
Thomas Hobbes
In faculties of mind and body, men are, on the whole, so nearly equal that one cannot claim for himself any benefit to which another may not pretend as well as he. From this equality of ability arises equality of hope in attaining ends desired.”
Who created the three principle causes of conflicts
thomas hobbes
who said this? “In faculties of mind and body, men are, on the whole, so nearly equal that one cannot claim for himself any benefit to which another may not pretend as well as he. From this equality of ability arises equality of hope in attaining ends desired.”
Thomas Hobbes
who said this? In the Discourse on Inequality the natural man appears first as the solitary savage, living the happy, care-free life of the brute, without fixed abode, without articulate speech, with no needs or desires that cannot be satisfied through the merest instinct.
Jean Jacques Rousseau
definition of ELEMENTS OF PERFECT HAPPINESS
In the state of Nature, Men are considered to be: INDEPENDENT; CONTENTED; and SELF-SUFFICING
In the state of Nature, Men are considered to be:
INDEPENDENT; CONTENTED; and SELF-SUFFICING
In the state of Nature, Men are considered to be: INDEPENDENT; CONTENTED; and SELF-SUFFICING
definition of ELEMENTS OF PERFECT HAPPINESS
He believed that in the state of nature men are all equal. These equal rights extend to the peasants and laborers, as well as to the middle class. State of nature is pre-political. The Society was not based on reason rather on emotions of self-interest and pity.
Jean Jacques Rousseau
SOCIAL CONTRACT AS SOCIAL ORGANIZATION
Jean Jacques Rousseau claimed that with the progress of civilization, evils arose. The division of labor that followed the development of the arts and the rise of private property created distinctions between rich and poor that broke down the happy natural condition of mankind and necessitated the establishment of civil society.
Jean Jacques Rousseau claimed that with the progress of civilization, evils arose. The division of labor that followed the development of the arts and the rise of private property created distinctions between rich and poor that broke down the happy natural condition of mankind and necessitated the establishment of civil society.
SOCIAL CONTRACT AS SOCIAL ORGANIZATION
STATE AND SOCIETY
Rousseau claimed that reason was the outgrowth of the artificial life of men in organized society, and that the results of its development were calamitous.
Rousseau claimed that reason was the outgrowth of the artificial life of men in organized society, and that the results of its development were calamitous.
STATE AND SOCIETY
Rousseau held that everyone gave up all his natural rights to the community as a whole. By this process a body politic, with a life and will of its own, was established. Yet each person in the state, possessing an equal and inalienable portion of the sovereignty of the whole, gained back under the protection of the state the rights he had given up.
THE GENERAL WILL
THE GENERAL WILL
Rousseau held that everyone gave up all his natural rights to the community as a whole. By this process a body politic, with a life and will of its own, was established. Yet each person in the state, possessing an equal and inalienable portion of the sovereignty of the whole, gained back under the protection of the state the rights he had given up.
THE GENERAL WILL
corresponded to the common interest of all members of the community, as contrasted with interests.
corresponded to the common interest of all members of the community, as contrasted with interests.
THE GENERAL WILL
ECONMOICS
is defined in general sense as a branch of Social Sciences that deals with producing, consuming, and transferring wealth. According to Allen (1977).
is defined in general sense as a branch of Social Sciences that deals with producing, consuming, and transferring wealth. According to Allen (1977).
ECONMOICS
is a Social science that analyzes and describes the consequences of choices made concerning scarce productive resources.
economics
economics
is a Social science that analyzes and describes the consequences of choices made concerning scarce productive resources.
Economics
is the study of how individuals and societies choose to employ those resources: what goods and services will be produced, how they will be produced, and how they will be distributed among the members of society.
is the study of how individuals and societies choose to employ those resources: what goods and services will be produced, how they will be produced, and how they will be distributed among the members of society.
Economics
Communism
may be defined as a philosophy of history based on a materialistic conception of human development. This ideology advocates that the system of social organization is based on the holding of all property in common, actual ownership being ascribed to the community as a whole or the State.
may be defined as a philosophy of history based on a materialistic conception of human development. This ideology advocates that the system of social organization is based on the holding of all property in common, actual ownership being ascribed to the community as a whole or the State.
Communism
You have two cows. The state takes both and gives you some milk.
Communism
also characterized that all economic and social activity is controlled by a totalitarian state dominated by a single and self-perpetuating political party.
System of communism
System of communism
also characterized that all economic and social activity is controlled by a totalitarian state dominated by a single and self-perpetuating political party.
THE VIEW OF MARX TO COMMUNISM
SOCIAL and POLITICAL relationships in terms of the MATERIAL NEEDS that are basic to HUMAN EXISTENCE
SOCIAL and POLITICAL relationships in terms of the MATERIAL NEEDS that are basic to HUMAN EXISTENCE
THE VIEW OF MARX TO COMMUNISM
_____ and______ relationships in terms of the ________ that are basic to _______
Social, Political, Material Needs, Human existance
HISTORICAL MATERIALISM
Central to Marx’s thought is his theory of historical materialism, which argued that human societies and their cultural institutions (like religion, law, morality, etc.) were the outgrowth of collective economic activity.
Central to Marx’s thought is his theory of historical materialism, which argued that human societies and their cultural institutions (like religion, law, morality, etc.) were the outgrowth of collective economic activity.
HISTORICAL MATERIALISM
Marx’s theory was heavily influenced by .?
Hegel’s dialectical method
He wrote in his Moral Sentiments the famous observation that he was to repeat later in The Wealth of Nations: that self-seeking men are often:
“led by an invisible hand…without knowing it, without intending
it, [to] advance the interest of the society.”
ADAM SMITH
CAPITALISM
This economic revolution, coupled with imperialist rule, underpinned the subsequent two centuries of Western ascendancy. But what strikes us is how slow the arrival of the triumph was – it took three centuries – and how economically hard-pressed capitalism was up almost to the last moment before it finally prevailed
The coming of the Industrial Revolution signaled the global triumph of
CAPITALISM
This economic revolution, coupled with imperialist rule, underpinned the subsequent two centuries of Western ascendancy. But what strikes us is how slow the arrival of the triumph was – it took three centuries – and how economically hard-pressed capitalism was up almost to the last moment before it finally prevailed
Capitalism
features landlords in control of a state, or a state acting independently, responding to capitalism’s uneven development by consciously producing ‘combined development’, a form of accelerated, conscious, and planned development of capitalism. (Heller, n.d.)
Political Capitalism
