philosophy

Question 1

Convenience Objection

Answer 1

Convenience Objection argues that utilitarianism undermines principles such as justice and truth-telling, reducing the sanctity of contracts to mere convenience. Critics say that a utilitarian would sacrifice these principles for the greater good.

Question 2

Supererogatory Objection

Answer 2

Supererogatory Objection posits that adhering strictly to utilitarian principles can lead to irrational actions, placing unreasonable demands on individuals. Gustafson proposes that while individuals should strive to uphold principles, it may not be obligatory when the collective effort is absent, and sticking to principles yields no benefit.

Question 3

Majority Bias Objection

Answer 3

Majority Bias Objection critiques utilitarianism for its built in bias towards the happiness of majority, potentially leading to neglecting rights of minority. Gustafson counters that criticism with Mill’s support for individual liberties and protection of minority rights, he argues that a diverse and inclusive society is more conducive to happiness and progress.

Question 4

What are the two points made in Motivation Objection?

Answer 4

1- It questions the motivation for less fortunate individuals to sacrifice their well being for the benefit of majority, in which many are already better off.
2- It challenges the notion of prioritising the public good over personal gain.

Question 5

What is Calculation Objection? What does Satisficing mean?

Answer 5

The Calculation Objection highlights the difficulty of accurately measuring and comparing types of happiness to determine the best outcome. Gustafson proposes “Satisficing” as solution, arguing that aiming for a satisfactory level of happiness can be more rational approach in complex situations.