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quiz > Philosophy > Flashcards

Philosophy Flashcards

1
Q

Four things to be considered:

A

Scientific Approach
Natural light of reason
Study of all things
First cause or the highest principle

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2
Q

because the investigation is systematic. it follows certain steps or it employs certain procedures.

A

Scientific Approach

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3
Q

the philosopher uses his natural capacity to think or observe the world and the people.

A

Natural Light of Reason

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4
Q

All other sciences concern themselves with a particular object of investigation, whereas, a philosopher studies human beings, society, religion, language, God and plants, among other concerns.

A

Study of all things

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5
Q

Philosophy is not _________ or partial. Rather, philosophy is multi dimensional or holistic In other words, philosopher does not limit himself to a particular object of inquiry. He questions almost anything, if not, everything

A

One dimensional

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6
Q

an idea which means something is the __ why an event or situation took place. It is __ because everything in the world and every situation has a starting point or a beginning

A

First couse or the highest principle

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7
Q

The first principles are:

A

Principle of identity
Principle of noncontradiction
Principle of excluded middle
Principle of sufficient reason

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8
Q

whatever is is, and whatever is not is not, everything is what it is.

A

Principle of identity

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9
Q

it is impossible for a thing to be and not to be at the same time, and at the same respect

A

Principle of noncontradiction

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10
Q

a thing is either is or is not, everything must be either be or not be, between being and not being, there is no middle ground possible.

A

Principle of excluded middle

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11
Q

nothing exists without a sufficient reason for its being and existence.

A

Principle of sufficient reason

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12
Q
  • It is an extension of a fundamental and necessary drive in every human being to know what is real
  • “True reality” means it is the fundamental source and basis of all reality in the world
A

Metaphysics

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13
Q
  • Nothing we experience in the physical world with our five senses is real.
  • calls these realities as ideas of forms.
A

Plato

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14
Q
  • Is the branch of philosophy that explore the nature of moral virtue and evaluates the morality and virtue of human actions.
  • Logical arguments to justify claims and positions involving morality.
  • Motivate individuals to obey the laws and moral code of their society.
A

Ethics

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15
Q

Ethics has five main frameworks:

A

Divine Command
Consequentialism or utilitarianism
Deontological Ethics
Virtue Ethics
Relativism

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16
Q
  • What does GOD ordain us to do?
  • GOD commands is good while anything he forbids is bad.
A

Divine Command

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17
Q

What has the desirable consequences? What is good for the greatest number of people is the best choice and the moral choice.

A

Consequentialism or utilitarianism

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18
Q

A person has a moral duty to do what is right regardless of what the person thinks or feels about that situation.

A

Deontological Ethics

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19
Q

What kind of person I ought to be? This ethical theory ignores the consequences, duties, and social contrast. Instead, it focuses on character development of individuals and their acquisition of good virtue ethics.

A

Virtue Ethics

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20
Q

What does my culture or society think I ought to do? Personal religious beliefs and spiritual attitudes are specifically important personal commitments that are relevant to personal and profesional lives.

A

Relativism

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21
Q
  • To be happy is to live a virtuous life.
  • Virtuous means having high moral standards (always tell the truth do not cheat, do not judge etc.)
A

Socrates

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22
Q
  • deals with nature, sources, limitations, and validity of knowledge.
  • How we can find out what we wish to know? How we can differentiate truth from falsehood?
A

Epistemology

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23
Q

Some philosophers think that the particular things seen, heard and touched are more important. And philosophers who feel that knowledge is aquired in this way are called empiricism

A

Induction

24
Q

is the view that knowledge can be attained only through sense experience

A

Empiricism

25
Q
  • Other philosophers think it is more important to find a general www according to wich particular facts can be understood or judge
  • Real knowledge is based on logic, laws and method.
A

Deduction

26
Q
  • It comes from the Greek work logike, coined by Zeno, the stoic (c. 340-265 BC), which means a treatise on matters pertaining to the human thought.
  • It is about the validity of our arguments regarding such objects (evaluation of arguments. T or F).
A

Logic

27
Q
  • Father of Logic
  • Truth means the agreement of knowledge with reality.
  • Logical reasoning makes us certain that our conclusions are true.
A

Aristotle

28
Q
  • The philosopical study of beauty and taste.
  • Appreciation of beautiful things.
A

Aesthetics

29
Q

3 things to be consider:

A
  1. It vitalizes our knowledge.
  2. It helps us to live more deeply and richly.
  3. It brings us in touch with our culture.
30
Q

is a religion with various Gods and Goddesses.

A

Hinduism

31
Q

is the original name of Hinduism.

A

Sanatana Dharma

32
Q

It is the world’s most ancient culture and the socio, spiritual and religious tradition of almost 1 billion of the earth’s inhabitants.

A

Hinduism

33
Q

is supreme in the triad of great Hindu gods which includes ________

A

Brahma
Shiva and Vishnu.

34
Q

is the Hindu god of creation

A

Brahma

35
Q

is often depicted with a ________. The represents nature and the all-encompassing energy of creation.

A

Brahma
lotus flower

36
Q

Protector of Dharma

A

Vishnu

37
Q

Represent justice and moral

A

Vishnu

38
Q

Symbolism for protection & patience

A

Vishnu

39
Q

Knowledge or prosperity

A

Vishnu

40
Q

destroyer and creator of all things.

A

Shiva

41
Q

protector of the Vedas the sacred texts.

A

Shiva

42
Q

A source of inspiration when trying to achieve a goal or enduring hardships in life

A

Shiva

43
Q

The ___ worldview is grounded in the doctrines of ______ (the cycle of rebirth) and _____ (the universal law of cause and effect)

A

Hindu
samsara
karma

44
Q

It is mostly practiced in India and parts parts of Nepal.

A

Hinduism

45
Q

It does not have one holy book, instead it has sacred writings. The holiest is the Vedas and epics like the Mahabharata and Ramayana

A

Hinduism

46
Q

The basic belief is that people have to follow their Dharma or set of rules to gain good karma.

A

Hinduism

47
Q

a place of perfect peace and happiness.

A

Nirvana

48
Q

is one of the world’s largest religions. ________ believe that human life is a cycle of suffering and rebirth, but that if one achieves a state of enlightenment (nirvana), it is possible to escape this cycle forever.

A

Buddhism

49
Q

believe in a wheel of rebirth into different bodies. This is connected to “karma,” which refers to how a person’s good or bad actions in the past or in their past lives can impact them in the future.

A

Buddhists

50
Q

do not believe in any kind of god

A

Buddhists

51
Q

There are three main schools of Buddhism:

A

Mahayana, Theravada, and Vajrayana. China, Taiwan, Japan, and South Korea.

52
Q

People can escape from the suffering of the world through the _______ teaching.

A

Buddha’s

53
Q

A tradition that focuses on personal spiritual development. Develop wisdom, urges us to practice virtue and avoid vice, and tells us to practice meditation

A

Buddhism

54
Q

is the most widely practiced religion in the world. The faith centers on beliefs regarding the birth, life, death and resurrection of Jesus Christ.

A

Christianity

55
Q

Christians are _________, they believe there’s only one God, and he created the heavens and the earth. This divine Godhead consists of three parts: the father (God himself), the son (Jesus Christ) and the Holy Spirit

A

monotheistic

56
Q

It comes from the Greek word “Christos” means “the chosen one.”

A

Christianity

57
Q

It is based on the teachings of Jesus Christ who lived in the Holy Land (Israel) 2,000 years ago. Christians believe that Jesus was the messiah (savior) promised in the Old Testament of the Bible. They also believe that God sent Jesus to Earth to save humans from sin.

A

Christianity

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