Philosophy

Question 1

Cognitive development (Piaget)
-Sensorimotor

Answer 1

0-2 yrs
-retain image of objects
-manipulate objects
- play is imitative
- infant find meaning baby sitter arriving

Question 2

Cognitive development (Piaget)
-preoperational

Answer 2

2-7yrs
- moves from concrete (real tangiable) to abstract thinking ( thinks deeper, uses experiences)
- understand past present future
- night terrors & aquires words
- magical thinking
- thinking is not generalized thinking is concrete and irreversible/ ego centric

Question 3

Cognitive development (Piaget)
-concrete operations

Answer 3

7-11yrs
- Beguinning of abstract thought
- plays games with rules
- cause and effect understood
- thinking is reversible & independent of experience

Question 4

Cognitive development (Piaget)
-Formal operations

Answer 4

11 to maturity
- higher level of abstraction
- planning for the future
- assumes adult role and responsibilities
- makes assumptions thinks hypothetically

Question 5

According to Freud there are 3 levels to human personality

Answer 5

-ID- sexual and aggressive energy held in the unconscious/desires. Instinct there from birth
-Superego- is the conscious morality
-Ego- balances reality. Balances ID and ego
—————-

Question 6

According to Freud 3 levels of awareness

Answer 6

*Preconcious- memories can be recalled if not suppressed
* Conscious- thought that’s someone is aware of
* unconscious thought and feelings outside of one’s consciousness

Question 7

Social development (Erik Erikson) how they socialize

• trust vs mistrust

Answer 7

Birth- 1yrs
Babies learned to trust based on consistency of caregiver

Question 8

Social development (Erik Erikson) how they socialize
- initiative versus guilt

Answer 8

3-6yrs
- plan activities make up games, initiate activities. Lead others and make decisions. Guilt will come about if controlled and criticized. They may feel a bother to others and become followers

Question 9

Social development (Erik Erikson) how they socialize
- industry vs inferiority

Answer 9

6- puberty
Sense of pride in accomplishment feel good about completing projects middles school. If overly criticized will have problems

Question 10

Social development (Erik Erikson) how they socialize
- identity vs role confusion

Answer 10

Trying to find who they are (adolescence)

Question 11

Social development (Erik Erikson) how they socialize
- Generative vs stagnation

Answer 11

Middle adult hood, establish careers, make relationships and families. Give back to community. Productive at work

Question 12

Social development (Erik Erikson) how they socialize
- intimacy vs isolation

Answer 12

Young adult- share themselves more intimately leading towards longterm commitment

Question 13

Social development (Erik Erikson) how they socialize
- ego integrity vs ego despair

Answer 13

Senior citizen l- contemplate accomplishments and develope a sense of integrity if they are satisfied with progress of their life

Question 14

Freud psychosexual development. 5 stages ( personality solidifies before age 5)
-oral

Answer 14

birth 12M. Source of pleasure involves the moth, sucking, biting and chewing. Fixation smoking overeating and dependence

Question 15

Freud psychosexual development. 5 stages ( personality solidifies before age 5)
-anal

Answer 15

2 yrs
Source of pleasure bowl movements/ fixation literally anal, controlling personality and easily angered

Question 16

Freud psychosexual development. 5 stages ( personality solidifies before age 5)
-phallic

Answer 16

3-5 yrs
Source of pleasure genitals fixation guilt of anxiety of sex

Oedipus complex loves mom jealous of dad

Question 17

Freud psychosexual development. 5 stages ( personality solidifies before age 5)
-latency

Answer 17

Age 5- puberty
Sexuality is latent or dormant during this period. No fixations at this stage

Question 18

Freud psychosexual development. 5 stages ( personality solidifies before age 5)
-genital

Answer 18

Beguins at puberty
Source of pleasure The genitals, sexual urges return. No fixation at this stage

Question 19

Self psychology

Answer 19

*The development of the self.

Mirroring- reflect back at child that they are worthy

Idealizing- children need to idealize caregiver and see them as powerful

Alter ego/Twinning- children need to feel they fit in with others

Question 20

Social development (Erik Erikson) how they socialize

• Autonomy vs shame and doubt

Answer 20

children are just starting to gain a little independence. They are starting to perform basic actions on their own and making simple decisions about what they prefer. By allowing kids to make choices and gain control, parents and caregivers can help children develop a sense of autonomy

Question 21

Object relations theory

Answer 21

Object relations theory is a school of thought in psychoanalysis that focuses on how people’s early relationships with others influence their development and future relationships. The theory suggests that people internalize unconscious relationships during childhood, which continue to impact their adult relationships.

0-5Mnormal autism: attached self absorbed most the the time is spent sleeping

1-5M normal symbiotic: infant and the mother are now one and there is a barrier between them and the world

5-9M separation individualization: the infant still attached mom. Increased alertness of the outside world

9-15 M: crawling walking becomes more distant from mom

15-24 M child makes sure mom is always insight when moving around

24-38M: object constancy they understand mom has a separate identity

Question 22

Kholbergs moral development
- pre conventional

Answer 22

Before age 9:
1. Child obeys out of fear of punishment
2. Child acts acceptably it their best interest to listen to rules to get rewards

Question 23

Kholbergs moral development
- conventional

Answer 23

Early adolescence

3. Person acts to get approval from others
4. Obeys laws and futile obligations to maintain social systems. Rules are rules

Question 24

Kholbergs moral development
- post conventional

Answer 24

Adult

5. Genuine interest in welfare of others
6. Guided by individual principles based broad universal principles. Concern for larger issues of morality

Question 25

Humanistic

Answer 25

Strengths based perspective. Humans can grow change and adapt

Question 26

Psychodynamic

Answer 26

Emphasize unconscious motives and desires as well as the importance of childhood experiences in shaping personality.

Question 27

Psychoanalytic - Freud

Answer 27

Personality arrives because of attempts to resolve conflicts between unconscious sexual and aggressive impulses and societal demands to restrain these impulses.

Question 28

Individual psychology

Answer 28

He was a follower of Freud Adler. He broke a way and stayed the sexual and aggressive urges are not the motivation for human behavior. Instead human strive for perfection.