Philosophy Flashcards
What is philosophy?
-Study of acquiring knowledge through rational thinking and inquiries
- Answering questions about the nature of man and word
- Philo means “love”
- Sophia means “wisdom”
Socrates
-Dualist
- human choice was motivated by the desire for happiness
- Ultimate wisdom comes from knowing oneself
“Know thy self” for you to know what makes you happy
Socrates
Plato
- student of socrates
- soul exist before and after death
- dualist
3 elements of soul
Rational soul (truth and uses logical thinking)
Appetite( basic needs and bodily desires)
Will ( emotion, passion and spirit)
Saint Augustine
Aurelius Agustinus
Knowledge of our true self requires knowledge of our divine origin
Knowing god is equal to knowing ourselves
Dualist
Discursive thinking
Moral and intellectual perfection
Intuitive self awareness
Consciousness and identity of self
Rene Descartes
His argument is known as Cogito
If he is capable of doubting, then he must exist
The essence of mind, which he describes in terms of doubting, affirming, judging
Our mind is considered as substance
Dualist
Substance
Something that is capable of existing independently.
Cogito ergo sum
I think therefore I am
John Locke
Personality identity is a matter of psychological continuity
“Empty Mind” or Tabula Rasa which is shaped by experience and sensations and reflections
Dualist
David Humes
No mind or self
Argues passions as determinants of behavior
Also appears as beheviorist believing that human learns as lower animals
Idea of self is not any one impressions
Dualist
Immanuel Kant
Aiming to justify a conviction in physics as a body of universal truth especially in immortality and free will
Dualist
2 components of the self
Inner self ( souls are objects of inner self)
Outer self (bodies are objects of outer self)
Sigmeund Freud
Had the most controversial theory
Dualist
Psychoanalysis
Act based on sexual urges
Foundation of psychoanalysis
Sex ( Eros)
Aggression ( Thanatos)
Id
Pleasure principle
Fantasies, imaginations
Ego
Reality principle
Finding a way to become real
Superego
Moral principle
Between right amd wrong
Oedipus
Killed his father to be wedded to her own mother
Oedipus Complex
He has sexual urges right after the baby is born
Lalaki
Elektra Complex
She has sexual urges right after she is born
Babae
Hypnosis
For pschoyheraph and used as a medicine for human
Placebo Effect
When you believe in something for a long time it will come true
Psychosomatic
Mind to body
Somatopsychic
Body to mind
Gilbert Ryle
Dualist
Only I am able to perceive and experience the states and processes of my own mind
2 collateral histories
- What heppen in and to his body PUBLIC
- What happens in and to his mind PRIVATE
Paul Churchland
We need to develop a new vocabulary that will enable us to communicate and think clearly.
Eliminative Materialism
Develop new neurosciencw based vocabulary that will enable us to think and communicate
Maurice Merleu-Ponty
Not a dualist
Our living body is a natural synthesis of mind and biology
Self
Something that one creates not find
Self understanding
About being aware of and understanding one’s own actions
