Philosophy Flashcards
-Known for his “Socratic Method”
-soul is the seat of knowledge
- soul is equal to self
- man’s ultimate goal is to attain good life and perfect
“An unexamined life is not worth living”
-Every man is DUALISTIC.
-Composed of BODY and SOUL.
2 important aspect of his personhood:
- BODY
imperfect and impermanent.
- SOUL
perfect and permanent.
“Know thyself”
Socrates
-soul is indeed the most divine aspect of human being
- Soul has 3 parts: rational, spirited and appettetive soul
-was a student of Socrates.
-philosophy of the self can be explained as a process of self-knowledge and purification of the soul.
-he believed in the existence of the mind and soul.
-mind and soul are given in perfection with God.
“The soul is immortal”
Plato
is the study of the fundamental nature of knowledge, reality, and existence, especially when considered as an academic discipline.
Philosophy
“I think therefore I am”
- The act of thinking about self - of being self - conscious - is in itself proof that there is self
- Self is a thinking entity distinct from the body.
- self is constant, it is not prone to change
- the soul is the source of our identity
- He has two (2) distinct entities
1. COGITO
- the thing that thinks.
- mind
2. EXTENZA
- the extension.
- body
Renè Descartes
“Knowledge can only come by seeing the truth that dwells within us.”
“I am doubting, therefore I am”
- integrated the ideas of Plato and Christianity.
- _______’ s view of the human person reflects the entire spirit of the medieval world.
- the soul is united with the body so that man may be entire and complete.
- believed human kind is created in the image and likeness of God.
- therefore, the human person being a creation of God is always geared towards the good.
- the self is known only through knowing God.
- self - knowledge is a consequence of knowledge of God
- Loving God means loving our fellowmen, and loving
one’s fellowmen denotes doing no harm to another.
- golden principle of justice -doing unto others as you
would have them do unto you.
St. Augustine
“The self is consciousness”
- the human mind at birth is tabula rasa or blank slate.
- he felt that the self is constructed primarily from sense experiences.
- theorized that when they are born, all babies know absolutely nothing.
- he argued that the inside of a baby’s brain was empty - ready to learn everything through experience.
- necessary to have a coherent personal identity or knowledge of the self as a person.
- what makes possible our belief, is that we are the same identity in different situations.
– personal identity is the concept about oneself that
evolves over the course of tie
- self – identity is a matter of psychological continuity
- self consist of memory ., that the person existing now
is the same person yesterday because he/she remembers the thoughts,
experiences or actions of the earlier self
John Locke
“There is no self”
- self is merely made up of successive impression
- self is simply a bundle or collection of different perceptions, which succeed each other with an inconceivable rapidly and are in a perpetual flex and movement.
- the idea of personal identity is a result of imagination.
David Hume
“We construct the self”
- Man is the only creature who governs and
directs himself and his actions.
- self is not just what gives one his personality but also the seat of knowledge acquisition for all human persons.
- the self constructs its own reality creating a world that is familiar and predictable.
- through our rationality, the self transcends sense experience.
Immanuel Kant
“The ego is not master in its own house”
- Known for his psychonanalytic theory.
- He believed that the self is a complex and dynamic structure, composed of three distinct parts: the id, ego, and superego.
- The id, the unconscious and primitive part of the self, is driven by the pleasure principle, seeking immediate gratification for all needs and desires.
Sigmund Freud
“The self is the way people behave”
- self is not an entity one can locate and analyze but simply the convenient name that people use to refer to all the behaviors that people make.
- Your action defines your own concept of self.
Gilbert Ryle
“The self is the brain”
- the self is inseparable from the brain and the physiology of the body.
- all we have is the brain and so, if the brain is gone, there is no self.
- the physical brain and not the imaginary mind, gives us our sense of self.
- the mind does not really exist.
- it is the brain and not the imaginary mind that gives us our sense of self.
- the self is the brain.
- If something can be seen , felt, heard, touched or tasted,
then it exist. There is nothing beyond sensory experiences.
Paul Churchland
“The Self is an embodied subjectivity”
- the mind-body bifurcation that has been going on for a long time is a futile endeavor and an invalid problem.
- all knowledge of ourselves and our world is based on subjective experience.
- the self can never be truly objectified or known in a completely objective sort of way.
MAURICE MERLEAU-PONTY
