Philosophy Flashcards

1
Q

-Known for his “Socratic Method”
-soul is the seat of knowledge
- soul is equal to self
- man’s ultimate goal is to attain good life and perfect
“An unexamined life is not worth living”
-Every man is DUALISTIC.
-Composed of BODY and SOUL.
2 important aspect of his personhood:
- BODY
imperfect and impermanent.
- SOUL
perfect and permanent.
“Know thyself”

A

Socrates

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2
Q

-soul is indeed the most divine aspect of human being
- Soul has 3 parts: rational, spirited and appettetive soul
-was a student of Socrates.
-philosophy of the self can be explained as a process of self-knowledge and purification of the soul.
-he believed in the existence of the mind and soul.
-mind and soul are given in perfection with God.
“The soul is immortal”

A

Plato

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3
Q

is the study of the fundamental nature of knowledge, reality, and existence, especially when considered as an academic discipline.

A

Philosophy

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4
Q

“I think therefore I am”
- The act of thinking about self - of being self - conscious - is in itself proof that there is self
- Self is a thinking entity distinct from the body.
- self is constant, it is not prone to change
- the soul is the source of our identity
- He has two (2) distinct entities
1. COGITO
- the thing that thinks.
- mind
2. EXTENZA
- the extension.
- body

A

Renè Descartes

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5
Q

“Knowledge can only come by seeing the truth that dwells within us.”
“I am doubting, therefore I am”
- integrated the ideas of Plato and Christianity.
- _______’ s view of the human person reflects the entire spirit of the medieval world.
- the soul is united with the body so that man may be entire and complete.
- believed human kind is created in the image and likeness of God.
- therefore, the human person being a creation of God is always geared towards the good.
- the self is known only through knowing God.
- self - knowledge is a consequence of knowledge of God
- Loving God means loving our fellowmen, and loving
one’s fellowmen denotes doing no harm to another.
- golden principle of justice -doing unto others as you
would have them do unto you.

A

St. Augustine

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6
Q

“The self is consciousness”
- the human mind at birth is tabula rasa or blank slate.
- he felt that the self is constructed primarily from sense experiences.
- theorized that when they are born, all babies know absolutely nothing.
- he argued that the inside of a baby’s brain was empty - ready to learn everything through experience.
- necessary to have a coherent personal identity or knowledge of the self as a person.
- what makes possible our belief, is that we are the same identity in different situations.
– personal identity is the concept about oneself that
evolves over the course of tie
- self – identity is a matter of psychological continuity
- self consist of memory ., that the person existing now
is the same person yesterday because he/she remembers the thoughts,
experiences or actions of the earlier self

A

John Locke

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7
Q

“There is no self”
- self is merely made up of successive impression
- self is simply a bundle or collection of different perceptions, which succeed each other with an inconceivable rapidly and are in a perpetual flex and movement.
- the idea of personal identity is a result of imagination.

A

David Hume

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8
Q

“We construct the self”
- Man is the only creature who governs and
directs himself and his actions.
- self is not just what gives one his personality but also the seat of knowledge acquisition for all human persons.
- the self constructs its own reality creating a world that is familiar and predictable.
- through our rationality, the self transcends sense experience.

A

Immanuel Kant

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9
Q

“The ego is not master in its own house”
- Known for his psychonanalytic theory.
- He believed that the self is a complex and dynamic structure, composed of three distinct parts: the id, ego, and superego.
- The id, the unconscious and primitive part of the self, is driven by the pleasure principle, seeking immediate gratification for all needs and desires.

A

Sigmund Freud

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10
Q

“The self is the way people behave”
- self is not an entity one can locate and analyze but simply the convenient name that people use to refer to all the behaviors that people make.
- Your action defines your own concept of self.

A

Gilbert Ryle

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11
Q

“The self is the brain”
- the self is inseparable from the brain and the physiology of the body.
- all we have is the brain and so, if the brain is gone, there is no self.
- the physical brain and not the imaginary mind, gives us our sense of self.
- the mind does not really exist.
- it is the brain and not the imaginary mind that gives us our sense of self.
- the self is the brain.
- If something can be seen , felt, heard, touched or tasted,
then it exist. There is nothing beyond sensory experiences.

A

Paul Churchland

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12
Q

“The Self is an embodied subjectivity”
- the mind-body bifurcation that has been going on for a long time is a futile endeavor and an invalid problem.
- all knowledge of ourselves and our world is based on subjective experience.
- the self can never be truly objectified or known in a completely objective sort of way.

A

MAURICE MERLEAU-PONTY

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