Anthropology Flashcards
-___ is the study of human societies and cultures and their development. It is concerned with how cultural and biological processes interact to shape human experience.
-is the study of people past and present. It focuses on
understanding the human condition in it’s cultural aspect.
Anthropology
- Self-concept refers to all understanding and knowledge of oneself. The components of self-concept including psychological, physical, and social attitudes, ideas, and beliefs that one has. The most influence in terms of self-concept is family history, basically referring to the culture one has been brought up in, and the experiences he or she has undergone.
- Various studies have been carried out concerning the impact culture may have towards self-concept.
SELF AS EMBEDDED IN CULTURE
-is the set of unwritten norms of conduct that guide the behavior of a group.
-According to Edward Taylor, culture is a complex whole which includes knowledge, belief, art, morals, law, customs, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man.
CULTURE
Focuses on how individuals see themselves, how they relate to
other people and how they relateto the environment
Culture
Sociologists describe two interrelated aspects of human culture-the physical objects of culture and the ideas associated with these objects.
Material and non- material culture
it refers to the physical objects, resources, and spaces that people use to define their culture. All of these physical aspects of a certain culture help to define its members’ behaviors and perceptions.
Material culture
- refers to the non-physical ideas, that people have about their culture, including beliefs, values, rules, norms, morals, language, organizations, and institutions.
- when considering non-material culture, sociologists refer to several processes that a culture uses to shape its members’ thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. Four of the most important of these are symbols, language, and norms.
Non-material culture
TWO ANTHROPOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES OF SELF
EGOCENTRIC and SOCIO-ENTRIC
a concept of the self where the self is seen as an autonomous and distinct individual.
Egocentric
according to this view, there is no instinct self that can possess enduring qualities
SOCIO-ENTRIC
THREE-PHASED RITE OF PASSAGE BY ARNOLD VAN GENNEP
Separation, liminality and incorporation phase
in this phase, people detach from their former identity to another.
Separation phase
THREE-PHASED RITE OF PASSAGE BY
ARNOLD VAN GENNEP
in this phase, a person transitions from one identity to another.
Liminality phase
in this phase, the change is one’s status, is officially incorporated.
Incorporation phase
Anthony Wallace and Raymond Fogelson coined this term to characterize interaction in which there is discrepancy between the identity of a person claims to possess and the identity attributed to that person by the other.
Identity struggles
In order to attain this, individuals have to overcome many obstacles
Self identification
Katherine Ewing formulated this concept which implies that the cohesiveness and continuity of self are only illusory.
Illusion of wholeness
Exist when groups of people assign different meanings to different life events and things.
Cultural difference
People construct their self-identity from the similarities and differences in characteristics among individuals.
Social identities
the most significant feature to determine a person’s social identity.
Family membership
An important marker for group identity in a given society.
Religious affiliation
An important device to individualize a person and legitimize him or her as member of a social group.
Name
– Represent the self as a separate, distinct, with
emphasis on internal attributes or traits, skills and values
Individualistic culture
stressed the essential connection between the
individual to other people
Collectivist culture
