PHILOSOPHIES OF EDUCATION Flashcards
Who are the advocates of Humanism?
Da Feltre, Erasmus, Pestalozzi
Character development through emulation of examples and heros
Idealism
Who are the advocates of Reconstructionism?
Theodore Brameld, George Counts, Paulo Friere
Rooted in renaissance changes
Humanism
It has a democratic and universal approach; everyone is educated similarly
Naturalism
Emphasizes motivation and the use of praises and rewards.
Humanism
Who are the advocates of Idealism?
Socrates and Plato
“Existence precedes essence” man conceives and makes himself.
Existentialism
Who is the author of the book of the oppressed?
Paulo Friere
Emphasis on knowledge through speculation and reasoning
Idealism
rooted in ancient philosophers: Thales, Anaximander, Anaximenes
Naturalism
Teachers encourage students to engage in social reforms
Reconstructivism
learning by doing
Pragmatism
what is the two faculty of Idealism?
Spiritual and Material
Focus on fundamental knowledge and skills for efficiency.
Essentialism
Pleasure (too much) is the only intrinsic good
Hedonism
Highest pleasure is a simple and moderate life, according to Epicurus
Epicureanism
It aims to discover and cultivate the full potential of the child for better societal roles.
Idealism
What is the most important development in Nationalism?
The creation of common language
You must sacrifice something for you to be happy
Utilitarianism
Preserves natural goodness of man; truth is found in nature
Naturalism
Education aligned with human development and growth.
Naturalism
Teacher mastery of subjects is crucial.
Perennialism
Character development through individual decision making.
Existentialism
Learning adjusts mental models to accommodate new experiences.
Constructivism
Curriculum focuses on social action and students experiences
Reconstructivism
Study reality through organized, systematic, subjective matter (science and math)
Realism
What are the teaching methods of Reconstructivism?
Problem-oriented approach, group discussions, and community-based learning
concerned with actualities
Realism
Addresses problems concerning urbanization, industrialization, immigration, and political corruption
Progressivism
emphasizes physical development rather than the 3rs
Naturalism
5 senses
Realism
Emphasizes structured environment and measurable outcomes.
Behaviorism
What are the teaching methods of Idealism?
Lecture, Discussion and Socratic Dialogue
Objective existence and knowability of physical objects
Realism
Methods focus on self-actualization and self-direction
Existentialism
What are the teaching methods of Realism?
recitation, experimentation, demonstration
Character development through training in rules of conduct
Realism
Aims to awaken social consciousness and encourage social action (social change)
Reconstructivism
Asserts reality exists outside human conception
Constructivism
experience and observation determine truth
Pragmatism
Actions aim to achieve the greatest total amount of happiness
Utilitarianism
Human behavior is shaped by external environment
Behaviorism
learning through experience
Constructivism
Rooted in idealism and realism, traditional, back to basic approach (3rs)
Essentialism
Ultimate reality is the world of physical objects
Realism
Who are the advocates of Behaviorism?
John Watson, B.F Skinner
A form of empiricism asserting that reliable knowledge is gained through scientific experiments
Experimentalism
Emphasizes cognitive subjects
Perennialism
Ancient form of hedonism identifying pleasure with tranquility and reduced desire
Epicureanism
Contrasted the view of essentialism and perennialism
Progressivism
Who are the advocates of Existentialism?
Soren Kierkegard, Jean Paul Sartre
practical application
Pragmatism
What are the learning methods of Essentialism?
regular assignments, drills, recitation, testing, and evaluation
Philosophy of subjectivity: emphasizes freedom and personal choice
Existentialism
Who are the advocates of Perennialism?
Robert Hutchins and Mortimer Adler
Focuses on national sovereignty, loyalty, and responsible citizenship
Nationalism
Who are the advocates of Realism?
Aristotle, St. Thomas, Jonathan Herbart
ideas are the ultimate truth
Idealism
Focuses on needs, experiences, interests, and abilities of students.
Progressivism
Who are the advocates of Pragmatism?
Charles Sanders Pierce, John Dewey
Focuses on conditioning and reinforcement
Behaviorism
emphasizes teaching democracy principles, citizenship, duties, and state development
Nationalism
Who are the advocates of Essentialism?
William Bagley, James Koerner, H.G Rickover, Paul Copperman
child-centered, preparing for life experiences.
Naturalism
Knowledge comes from sense-based experiences
Empiricism
Justifies action by the amount of pleasure achieved and the minimal pain involved
Hedonism
relies on nature
Naturalism
Who are the advocates of Naturalism?
J.J Rousseau, John Lock, Montaigne
Who is the founder of Reconstructiviism?
George Counts
emphasizes change, growth, and social learning
Progressivism
Working in groups
Pragmatism
Aims for education of the rational person and development of thought.
Perennialism
What are the two divisions of the Humanism philosophy?
-Individualistic Humanism (Personal development)
-Social Humanism (Social Happiness, Adapt)
truth is universal, unchanged by time or space. Influenced by realism.
Perennialism
Who is the advocate of Progressivism?
John Dewey
Who are the advocates of Nationalism?
Jonathan Herbart, Johan Heinrich, Pestalozzi
Subject matter is a personal choice, learning based on student’s willingness.
Existentialism
Stresses values of hard work
Essentialism
Knowledge originates from the mind, independent of sensory experiences
Rationalism
Learner should be in control of his own destiny
Humanism
Schools should initiate policies for social reform
Reconstructivism
Education is a gradual process (should not be taken abruptly)
Humanism
