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BCBA Study Course > Philosophical Underpinnings: The Easy Stuff > Flashcards

Philosophical Underpinnings: The Easy Stuff Flashcards

1
Q

What is ABA?

A

ABA is a science based on the use of learning principles to improve socially important behavior. ABA practice focuses on assessing the environmental influences on behavior, assessment-based interventions, and data based decision making.

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2
Q

What is science?

A

An organized approach for collecting knowledge and understanding about the natural world

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3
Q

What is the purpose of science?

A

Find truth in nature, understand the subject that is being studied, provides us with the 3 levels of understanding

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4
Q

What is the first level of scientific understanding?

A

Description

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5
Q

Facts that are derived form systematically observed events is…

A

Description

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6
Q

Facts that can be quantified and classified to help us test for possible relationships is…

A

Description

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7
Q

Facts that help us identify a hypothesis for further exploration

A

Description

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8
Q

What is the second level of scientific understanding

A

Prediction

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9
Q

When repeat observations show that there is a consistent relationship between the occurrence of 2 events (covariation/correlation) is….

A

Prediction

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10
Q

This relationship can be used to predict the probability of 1 event occurring when the other event occurs

A

Prediction

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11
Q

T/F: Science asks us to hypothesize and make predictions/scientific guesses, but prediction does not equal cause.

A

True, 2 events regularly occurring at the same time does not necessarily mean 1 causes the other. (Example, during winter season people get more colds)

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12
Q

What is the first level of scientific understanding?

A

Control

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13
Q

What is the highest level of scientific understanding?

A

Control

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14
Q

A functional relation is established when science confirms what has been predicted: an experimental demonstration that manipulating 1 event (IV) results in a change in another event (DV) and this change can only be attributable to the IV

A

Control

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15
Q

Example of Control

A

Headaches are remedied by pain medicine

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16
Q

What is Determinism?

A

The world is an orderly, predictable, and lawful place, where everything is cause and effect: if/then conditions

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17
Q

The assumption that everything happens because of other events

A

Determinism

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18
Q

What is Empiricism?

A

Upon what knowledge is built

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19
Q

The act of objective observation and measurement

A

Empiricism

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20
Q

Experimental, data based scientific approach

A

Empiricism

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21
Q

What is parsimony?

A

Reliance on the simplest theory requiring the fewest assumptions

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22
Q

Before considering more complex explanations, you must first rule out simple and logical explanations

A

Parsimony

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23
Q

What is prgmatism?

A

Practical approach to problems in which truth is found in the process of verification

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24
Q

A philosophy that asks how things come to be as they are and how can we alter things

A

Pragmatism

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25
Q

Who is associated with Pragmatism?

A

Charles S. Peirce and William James

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26
Q

What is selectionism?

A

Selection by consequences

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27
Q

The scientific belief that anything that evolves does so due to the consequences of behavior

A

Selectionism

28
Q

Behaviors that result in positive consequences survive and produce more sophisticated repertoires

A

Selectionism

29
Q

What is experimentation?

A

Basic strategy of most sciences, controlled comparison of the DV under 2 or more conditions (IVs)

30
Q

Requires manipulating variables so as to see the effects on the DV

A

Experimentation

31
Q

Requires that all variables be controlled except the DV: Functional Relation

A

Experimentation

32
Q

What is replication?

A

Repeating experiments

33
Q

Experiments should be repeated to determine the reliability and usefulness of their findings

A

Replication

34
Q

Repetition leads to discovering mistakes, making science as self correcting operation

A

Replication

35
Q

What is philosophical doubt?

A

Questioning the truth

36
Q

Having healthy skepticism / a critical eye about the results of studies/work with clients, being open to being wrong

A

Philosophical Doubt

37
Q

Target the behavior in need of improvement

A

Behavioral

38
Q

Behavior must be measurable, including any use of language that behavioral (not a description of feelings)

A

Behavioral

39
Q

Must ask whose behavior has changed (subject or observers?)

A

Behavioral

40
Q

What is applied?

A

Improving individual’s everyday lives

41
Q

Improves socially significant behaviors in real world settings (social language, driving skills, self care, leisure skills)

A

Applied

42
Q

What is technological?

A

Direct and precisely replicable procedures

43
Q

ABA requires that procedures are defined clearly and in detail so they are replicable and have a shot of generating the same results

A

Technological

44
Q

What is Conceptually Systematic

A

ABA is not a collection of tricks

45
Q

All ABA procedures used should be derived from the basic principles of behavior analysis (punishment, reinforcement, extinction)

A

Conceptually Systematic

46
Q

What is analytic?

A

ABA requires that a functional relationship is hsown

47
Q

A functional relationship is demonstrated when the manipulated events (IV) produce a reliable change in any measurable dimension of the targeted behavior and an experimenter can control the occurrence and non occurrence of the the target behavior

A

Analytic

48
Q

The main issue is believability: Is there enough experimental control to prove a reliable functional relation?

A

Analytic

49
Q

Any behavior change that persists across time, across settings, across other behaviors, and across people (differing from intervention conditions)

A

Generality

50
Q

What is effective?

A

Practical Improvement

51
Q

ABA technologies should improve behaviors enough that it makes a socially significant difference in the person’s life

A

Effective

52
Q

Also known as imaginary construct

A

Hypothetical Construct

53
Q

A presumed but unobserved process

A

Hypothetical Construct

54
Q

What are examples of Hypothetical Construct?

A

Free will, determination, self-esteem, ego-strength, readiness, intelligence

55
Q

A mythical explanation for a behavior that is another name of the observed behavior

A

Explanatory Fiction

56
Q

Does not add to our understanding of what causes or maintains behavior

A

Explanatory Fiction

57
Q

Examples of explanatory fiction

A

Knowing, wanting, figuring out, understanding

58
Q

Key ingredient in mentalistic thinking. What came first? The chicken or the egg?

A

Circular Reasoning

59
Q

What is the cause and effect in circular reasoning?

A

Cause and effect are both inferred from the same info. Ex: Jimmy cried because he felt sad (the sad feeling and crying are both inferred from the same depressive conditions)

60
Q

What is behaivorism?

A

Environmental and not mentalistic explanation of behavior

61
Q

The philosophy of the science of behavior

A

Behaviorism

62
Q

Examines the philosophical, theoretical, historical, and methodological issues within the science of behavior

A

Behaviorism

63
Q

Research on basic processes and principles and conducted mainly in laboratories

A

Experimental Analysis of Behavior

64
Q

Creates behavior change tactics that can increase behavior, teach, and maintain behavior

A

ABA

65
Q

Makes behavior sensitive to environmental events, generalize behavior, and reduce challenging behavior

A

ABA

66
Q

Refers to many individual in various fields of work implementing ABA procedures withing their professions

A

Professional Practice Guide by the Science of Behavior Analysis

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