Philosophical Perspectives of the Self

Question 1

“An unexamined life is not worth living.”

Answer 1

Socrates

Question 2

Theory of forms, he introduces the concept of two worlds: world of forms/ world of sense

Answer 2

Plato

Question 3

Regarded as the Father of Modern Philosophy

Answer 3

Rene Descartes

Question 4

Tabula rasa

Answer 4

John Locke

Question 5

Eliminative Materialism

Answer 5

Paul Churchland

Question 6

He believes that the self is nothing but a collection of interconnected and continually changing perceptions passing through the theater of our minds

Answer 6

David Hume

Question 7

The phenomenology of Perception is the work of

Answer 7

Maurice Merleau-Ponty

Question 8

“I act therefore I am”

Answer 8

Gilbert Ryle

Question 9

Believes that the self is the brain

Answer 9

Paul Churchland

Question 10

The cornerstone of Socrates’ philosophy is

a. Know thyself
b. I think, therefore I am
c. The self is the way people behave

Answer 10

a. Know thyself

Question 11

Suggests that the reality consists of two dichotomous realms: physical and ideal

Answer 11

Socrates

Question 12

Says that the soul strives for wisdom but is inhibited by the imperfection of the physical realm

Answer 12

Socrates

Question 13

The Socratic method called_____ is a method of carefully examining one’s thoughts and emotions to gain self-knowledge

Answer 13

Introspection

Question 14

The Self is an Immortal Soul

Answer 14

Plato

Question 15

Plato’s philosophy is the process of ______ and _____ of the soul

Answer 15

self-knowledge and purification

Question 16

Since Plato believes that the soul is synonymous with the self, he introduces the ______ part soul/self: which are _______, ______________

Answer 16

Reason, Physical Appetite, Spirit/Passion

Question 17

In Plato’s philosophy, the three-part self/soul are sometimes in conflict. It is the responsibility of_______ to sort things out and exert control.

Answer 17

Reason

Question 18

Claims that the sensible world is dependent on the ideal world where the concept of the soul belongs. Since the soul is permanent, man should give more importance to it than the physical body which resides in the world of sense

Answer 18

Plato

Question 19

The Soul Is the Essence of the Self

Answer 19

Aristotle

Question 20

In Aristotle’s philosophy, anything with life has a ____

Answer 20

soul

Question 21

In Aristotle’s philosophy, what makes humans different from other living things?

Answer 21

The capacity for rational thinking

Question 22

Because humans differ from other living things we have 3 kinds of souls. According to Aristotle, they are ___,___,___

Answer 22

Vegetative Soul, Sentient Soul, Rational Soul

Question 23

The Vegetative soul includes the ______ that can grow

Answer 23

Physical Body

Question 24

According to Aristotle, this kind of soul is what makes man human.

Answer 24

Rational Soul

Question 25

According to Aristotle. the Sentient Soul includes____,____,and ____,

Answer 25

sensual desires, feelings, and emotions

Question 26

Aristotle suggests that the rational nature of the self is to lead _______.

Answer 26

a good, flourishing, and fulfilling life

Question 27

The Self has an immortal soul

Answer 27

St. Augustine

Question 28

Integrates the ideas of Plato and teachings of Christianity

Answer 28

St. Augustine

Question 29

Saint Augustine believes that the ______ is radically different from and inferior to its inhabitant,______

Answer 29

Physical Body, Immortal Soul

Question 30

Saint Augustine views the body as the "spouse" of the soul. Both are attached to one another by a _____

Answer 30

natural appetite

Question 31

True or False: The body is united with the soul so that man may be entire and complete

Answer 31

True

Question 32

Saint Augustine believes that the soul is what ______ and _____ man

Answer 32

governs and defines

Question 33

Since humankind is created in the image and likeness of God, the self is known only through knowing____.

Answer 33

God

Question 34

" I am doubting therefore I am"

Answer 34

St. Augustine

Question 35

I think therefore I am

Answer 35

Rene Descartes

Question 36

The Latin phrase that means "I think therefore, I am"

Answer 36

Cogito Ergo Sum

Question 37

Rene Descartes contends that there are two dimensions of the self. The _____and _______.

Answer 37

The thinking entity and the self as a physical body

Question 38

The_____ is a material, mortal, non-thinking entity, fully governed by the physical laws of nature

Answer 38

Physical Self

Question 39

The ______ is the non-material, immortal, conscious being, and independent of physical laws of nature

Answer 39

Thinking Self

Question 40

The Self is Consciousness

Answer 40

John Locke

Question 41

Means blank slate

Answer 41

Tabula Rasa

Question 42

John Locke feels that the self or personal identity is constructed from______

Answer 42

sense experience

Question 43

For Locke, ____ and ____ of previous experiences are the keys to understanding the self.

Answer 43

Conscious awareness and memory

Question 44

Locke believes that the essence of the self is its conscious awareness of itself as a ______,____, and ___ identity

Answer 44

Thinking, reasoning, and reflecting

Question 45

The Philosophy of David Hume

Answer 45

There is No Self

Question 46

True or False: According to Hume, personal identity is a result of imagination

Answer 46

True

Question 47

True or False: According to Aristotle, personal identity is a result of imagination

Answer 47

False

Question 48

Immanuel Kant's philosophy is

Answer 48

We Construct the Self

Question 49

According to Kant, the self is actively ____ and ____ all of our thoughts and perceptions

Answer 49

organizing and synthesizing

Question 50

According to Kant, the self transcends experience because the ___ can grasp aspects of reality which are not limited to the senses

Answer 50

the mind

Question 51

Sigmund Freud's Philosophy is

Answer 51

The Self is Multilayered

Question 52

Freud holds that the self consists of three layers:___,___,___

Answer 52

Conscious Self, Unconscious Self, Preconscious Self

Question 53

______ is governed by the reality principle. It is rational, practical, and appropriate to the environment

Answer 53

Conscious Self

Question 54

_____ is the part of the self which contains the basic intellectual drives including sexuality, aggressiveness, and self destruction. It is governed by the pleasure principle

Answer 54

Unconscious Self

Question 55

____ is the part of the self which contains material that is not threatening and is easily brought to mind.

Answer 55

Preconscious Self

Question 56

The Self is the Way People Behave

Answer 56

Gilbert Ryle

Question 57

The Philosophy of Maurice Merleu-Ponty

Answer 57

The Self is Embodied Subectivity