Philosophical Perspective of the Self Flashcards
Love
Philia
Wisdom
Sophia
Strong desire for a particular object
Love
Correct application of knowledge
Wisdom
Love of Wisdom
Philosophy
5 Philosophers
- Socrates
- Plato
- René Descartes
- David Hume
- Immanuel Kant
“Know Thyself”
“An unexamined life is not worth living.”
“One thing only I know, and that is that I know nothing.”
Socrates
- Every man is dualistic.
- Composed of ____________.
Body and soul
Imperfect and impermanent
Body
Perfect and permanent
Soul
Socrates’ two dichotomous realms
- Physical realm
2. Ideal realm
- Changeable, transient, and imperfect
- The body belongs to this realm
Physical realm
- Unchanging, eternal, and immortal
- The soul belongs to this realm.
Ideal realm
The first thinker to focus on the full power of reason on the human self.
Socrates
Reason on the human self
Who we are
Who we should be
Who we will become
Strives for wisdom and perfection
Soul
The soul’s tool to achieve an exalted state of life.
Reason
It keeps us from attaining wisdom.
Our preoccupation with -bodily needs- such as food, drink, sex, pleasure, material possessions, and wealth.
“A person can have a meaningful and happy life only if…
he becomes “virtuous” and “knows the value of himself” that can be achieved through “constant soul-searching”.”
“The Soul is Immortal”
PLATO
A student of Socrates.
Philosophy of the Self can be explained as process of self-knowledge and purification of the soul.
Mind and soul given in perfection with God.
Plato
3 parts of the soul
- Rational soul
- Spirited soul
- Appetitive soul
Reason and intellect.
Divine essence that enables us to think deeply, make wise choices, and achieve a true understanding of eternal truth.
RATIONAL SOUL
Emotion and passion.
Basic emotions such as LOVE, ANGER, AMBITION, EMPATHY, AGGRESSIVENESS. (LA3E)
SPIRITED SOUL
Basic needs.
Includes our basic biological needs such as HUNGER, THIRST, and SEXUAL DESIRE.
APPETITIVE SOUL
Plato believes that genuine happiness can only be achieved by people who constantly make sure that their ____ is in control of their ____.
Reason; Spirits and Appetites
“I think therefore, I am”
RENE’ DESCARTES
“The act of thinking about self – of being self-conscious – is in itself proof that there is self.”
Rene Descartes, “I think therefore I am.”
Descartes’ two (2) distinct entities
- Cogito
2. Extenza
The thing that thinks.
MIND
Cogito
The extension.
BODY
Extenza
“I think therefore, I am”
- Rene’ Descartes
COGITO ERGO SUM
“There is NO Self”
DAVID HUME
Self is simply ___, which succeed each other with an inconceivable rapidly and are ____.
a bundle or collection of different perceptions
in a perpetual flux and movement
The idea of ____ is a result of ___.
“There is NO SELF”
personal identity; imagination
“We construct the Self”
IMMANUEL KANT
“We construct the Self”
IMMANUEL KANT
Self is not just what gives one his personality but also ______.
the set of knowledge acquisition for all human persons
The ___ constructs its own reality creating a world that is familiar and predictable.
self
“Through our ___, the self transcends ___.”
rationality
sense experience
“Strive not to be of success, but rather to be of value.” - Albert Einstein
