Philosophical Perspective

Question 1

Finding answers to questions about ourselves and the
world we live in

Answer 1

Philosophy

Question 2

Philia means _______
Sophia means _______

Answer 2

Love and Wisdom

Question 3

Quote: “The unexamined life is not worth
living.”

Answer 3

Socrates

Question 4

Dualistic view: The self is composed of both
body and soul.
i. The body is imperfect and
temporary.
ii. The soul is the opposite, being
perfect and immortal.

Answer 4

Socrates

Question 5

Key idea: “Know thyself” – self-knowledge
is a prerequisite for a meaningful and happy
life.

Answer 5

Socrates

Question 6

Dualism of soul and body: The true self is
the soul, which is immortal and existed
before and after the body.

Answer 6

Plato

Question 7

Experiences will better understand the core
of self (psyche)

Answer 7

Plato

Question 8

Psyche (Soul) is divided into three parts:

Answer 8

Appetitive
Spirited
Rational/Mind

Question 9

Basic desires like
hunger, thirst, and sexual desire.

Answer 9

Appetitive

Question 10

Emotions and passions,
such as love and anger.

Answer 10

Spirited

Question 11

Uses reason, analyzes, and controls both
appetitive and spirited elements.

Answer 11

Rational/Mind

Question 12

True happiness is achieved when
reason controls both the appetitive and
spirited parts.

Answer 12

Plato

Question 13

Monistic view: The soul and body are one
and inseparable. The soul is the “form” of
the body.

Answer 13

Aristotle

Question 14

Soul is incapable of existing without the
body and if Body dies the soul dies

Answer 14

Aristotle

Question 15

Three kinds of souls: According to Aristotle

Answer 15

Vegetative
Sentient
Rational

Question 16

Related to growth and
reproduction.

Answer 16

Vegetative

Question 17

Related to sensory
desires, emotions, and mobility.

Answer 17

Sentient

Question 18

Unique to humans,
involves thought, reflection, and
intellect.

Answer 18

Rational

Question 19

Key idea/ quote: The soul is that which
makes a person a person. The soul is the
essence of the self.

Answer 19

Aristotle

Question 20

Integration of Plato and Christianity: The
soul is united with the body, and humans are
created in the image of God.

Answer 20

St. Augustine

Question 21

Key idea: man’s end goal is happiness, and
Only in God can man attain true and eternal
happiness; for us to attain communion with
the divine.

Answer 21

St. Augustine

Question 22

(father of modern philosophy)

Answer 22

Rene Descartes

Question 23

The mere fact that I doubt, that mean I exist

Answer 23

Rene Descartes

Question 24

Quote: Cogito, Ergo Sum “I think, therefore
I am.” The self is consciousness, and doubts
about one’s existence are proof of existence.

Answer 24

Rene Descartes

Question 25

Key idea: Everything must be subjected to doubt, including the existence of the physical body.

Answer 25

Rene Descartes

Question 26

When a baby is born, he knows nothing. Argues that babies brain is empty and ready to learn thru experience

Answer 26

John Locke

Question 27

Tabula Rasa: The mind is a blank slate at birth(clueless), and experiences make one’s identity.

Answer 27

John Locke

Question 28

Key idea: The self is formed through experience, and at birth, we know nothing.

Answer 28

John Locke

Question 29

Empiricism: All knowledge is derived from sensory experiences.

Answer 29

David Hume

Question 30

Key idea: There is no self. "self" is just a bundle of perceptions and temporary impressions.

Answer 30

David Hume

Question 31

from rationalism and empiricism: The self constructs its own reality, forming a world that is familiar and predictable.

Answer 31

Immanuel Kant

Question 32

Key idea: The self consists of both the inner self (psychological state and rational intellect) and the outer self (sense experience and physical world).

Answer 32

Immanuel Kant

Question 33

Behaviorism: The self is not an entity; it is simply a name we use for behaviors.

Answer 33

Gilbert Ryle

Question 34

Quote: I act, therefore I am; You are what you do. The self is the same as bodily

Answer 34

Gilbert Ryle

Question 35

Key idea: The thinking "I" is just a "ghost in the machine." The self is equivalent to bodily behavior.

Answer 35

Gilbert Ryle

Question 36

Neuroscientific view: The self is inseparable from the brain and body physiology.

Answer 36

Paul and Patricia Churchland

Question 37

neuroscience into the fore of understanding the self. sees the failure of folk psychology in explaining basic concepts such as sleep, learning, mental illness and the like.

Answer 37

Eliminative Materialism

Question 38

Key idea: all we have is brain. If the brain ceases to exist, so does the self.

Answer 38

Paul and Patricia Churchland

Question 39

Embodied subjectivity: The mind and body are inseparable, and all knowledge is based on subjective experience.

Answer 39

Maurice Merleau-Ponty

Question 40

Key idea: Denies the dualistic separation of mind and body, supporting the idea that self is embodied.

Answer 40

Maurice Merleau-Ponty