Philosophical Perspective Flashcards
“Know thyself.”
Socrates
“An unexamined life is not worth living.”
Socrates
“Each person has an immortal soul.”
Aristotle and St. Augustine
“The body is the source of endless trouble.”
Plato
“The soul is superior to the body.”
St. Augustine
“The self is a thinking thing.”
Rene Descartes
“The self exist because of memory.”
John Locke
“There is no self, only a bundle of different perceptions.”
David Hume
“The self transcends experiences.”
Immanuel Kant
“The self is multi-layered.”
Sigmund Freud
“The self is the way people behave.”
Gilbert Ryle
“The self is the brain.”
Paul Churchland
“The self is embodied subjectivity.”
Maurice Merleau-Ponty
During this period, perspectives on understanding the self suggest that all reality should be questioned, and that people construct meanings into their lives.
Post-modern period
He believed that the self is the soul.
Socrates
For him, it is distinct to man and it is God-given.
Plato
What are the three parts of the soul?
Reason
Physical appetite
Spirit or passion
The divine essence that enables us to think deeply, make wise choices, and achieve a true understanding of eternal truths.
Reason
It includes our basic instinctual needs including hunger, thirst, and sexual desire.
Physical appetite
It includes basic emotions such as love, anger, ambition, aggressiveness, and empathy.
Spirit or passion
To him, knowledge existed in the soul prior to any actual experience.
Plato
He is considered to be the first person to put into writing an explanation pertaining to behavior of man.
Aristotle
Function that deals with the basic maintenance of life.
Vegetative
Function that focuses on the desires and motives.
Appetitive
It governs reason that is located in the heart.
Rational
3 functions of soul according to Aristotle
Vegetative
Appetitive
Rational
For him, the brain is simply a gland that can only perform basic functions.
Aristotle
For him, the rational makes us different from other living creatures.
Aristotle
Four concepts which give way to understand any being/4 causes:
Material Cause
Formal Cause
Efficient Cause
Final Cause