Philosophical, Historical, And Legal Foundations Flashcards
Who first documented the education of royal deaf children in 1578?
Pedro Ponce de León
Who established the first institute for the deaf in 1760?
The French Abbé de L’Epée
Who invented a tactile reading/writing system for the blind in 1829?
Louis Braille
Who used systematic instructional techniques to teach communication and daily livings skills to a young boy, named Victor, who was discovered living in the woods?
Jean-Marc Gaspard Itard
What was Victor’s likely diagnosis, thus being the reason he was abandoned in the woods at an early age?
Intellectual disability or autism
Which French doctor studied with Jean-Marc Itard and developed influential principles for educating intellectually disabled and other special needs children?
Édouard Séguin
Who believed all knowledge was acquired through the senses and all human beings were equal?
John Locke
What did Séguin emphasize in his teaching methods?
He emphasized presenting combined physical and intellectual tasks to enable disabled children to develop self-reliance and independence.
What were the major elements that made up the foundation of Séguin’s educational philosophy and programs for children with disabilities?
Frequently changing activities, task analysis; discrimination between the senses and the intellect; sensory stimulation; physical education; and education with employment as an outcome.
What was Maria Montessori’s philosophy in education?
She proposed the concept of the “prepared environment,” a learning environment designed to facilitate this learning process, featuring an uninterrupted continuum of learning experiences where the child continuously constructs and builds upon their learning throughout the program.
Who proposed the concept of the “prepared environment,” aimed to enable optimal exploration and independent learning in children?
Maria Montessori
When did laws made education compulsory?
Between the 1900s and 1950s
The medical model of special education viewed the child as…
Defective
The social model of special education views the child as…
A unique individual
What is NCCREST and what did they advise?
National Center for Culturally Responsive Educational Systems.
Parents should consult school admins and/or parent advocates to see if their school has an overrepresentation problem (too many ethnic or low income students thrown into a LD program).
What formula is used to determine overrepresentation in special education classes?
Using low income students as an example, divide their number placed in Learning Disabled (LD) classes by the total number in school. Calculate average income students the same way. Then divide low income percentages by average income percentages. A result of +1.0 indicates equal probabilities. A result of > 1.0 indicates overrepresentation.
When did the World Declaration for Education for All address inclusion?
1990
What is EHDI and what are the three benchmarks?
Early Hearing Detection and Intervention. Benchmarks are:
1) All infants should be screened within one month of birth.
2) Infants who don’t pass should have audiological evals by three ,on the of age to determine hearing loss.
3) Infants with confirmed hearing loss should receive intervention ASAP and by six months of age at the latest.
What are the Big Three colleges/universities chosen by most deaf students?
Gallaudet University in Washington, D.C.; California State University at Northridge (CSUN); and National Technical Institute for the Deaf (NTID) at Rochester Institute of Technology in New York.
Who is Michael Stinson and what did he develop?
He is a professor at NTID who developed the C-Print system.
