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STS > PHILOSOPHERS (based on pages 18-21) > Flashcards

PHILOSOPHERS (based on pages 18-21) Flashcards

1
Q

*Knowledge is the personification of good, while ignorance is that of evil

*Self- Knowledge is the ultimate virtue. As the ultimate virtue, it will lead to ultimate happiness

A

SOCRATES (Idealism)

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2
Q

Socratic Philosophy

A

SOCRATES (Idealism)

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3
Q

*Moral virtue is rooted in the intellect and leads to happiness

*Wisdom and Knowledge lead to virtue which will lead to happiness

A

PLATO (Idealism)

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4
Q

Dualism & Idealism Philosophy

A

PLATO (Idealism)

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5
Q

*Ideal is found inside the phenomena and the universals inside the particulars

*Ideals are ESSENCE and phenomena are MATTER

*MATTER has no form. ESSENCE has no mass.

*MATTER and ESSENCE need each other

A

ARISTOTLE (Empiricist)

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6
Q

Aristotelian Philosophy

A

ARISTOTLE (Empiricist)

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7
Q
  • All knowledge leads to god

*Only Pure in heart can see God

*Love of God, faith in him, and understanding of his gospel will ultimately lead to happiness

A

ST. AUGUSTINE (Platonism)

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8
Q

Neoplatonism Philosophy

A

ST. AUGUSTINE (Platonism)

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9
Q
  • “I think, therefor, I am”

*The mind and soul can exist without the body

*Establishing the distinction of soul from the body can make people believe in the afterlife and the soul’s immortality

A

René Descartes (Rationalist)

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10
Q

Mind-Body Dualism

A

René Descartes (Rationalist)

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11
Q

Theory of Personal Identity

A

JOHN LOCKE (Empiricist)

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11
Q

*It is consciousness alone that identity exists, not in the body and soul

*There is a distinction between man & person

*The soul may change, but consciousness remains intact

A

JOHN LOCKE (Empiricist)

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12
Q

*All Knowledge passes through the senses

*Separate ideas can be joined in the mind

*There is no self, only a bundle of perceptions

A

DAVID HUME (Empiricist)

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13
Q

Skeptical Philosophy

A

DAVID HUME (Empiricist)

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14
Q

*Reason is the final authority
of morality

*There is inner self and outer self

*The inner self includes rational reasoning and psychological state

*The outer self includes the body and physical mind, where representation occurs

A

IMMANUEL KANT (Rationalist / Empiricist)

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15
Q

Metaphysics of the Self Philosophy

A

IMMANUEL KANT (Rationalist / Empiricist)

16
Q
  • “I act, therefore, I am”

*The mind is not the seat of self. It is not a separate, parallel thing to our physical body

*The mind is a category mistake brought about by habitual use. The only way it can affect the other is through the external world

A

GILBERT RYLE (Empiricist)

17
Q

The Concept of Mind Philosophy

A

GILBERT RYLE (Empiricist)

18
Q
  • A fully neuroscience will eliminate the need for beliefs since “they are not real”

*The physical brain gives us a sense of self

A

PATRICIA CHURCHLAND (Empiricist)

19
Q

Neurophilosophy

A

PATRICIA CHURCHLAND (Empiricist)

20
Q

Phenomenology of Perception Philosophy

A

MAURICE MERLEAU - PONTY (Existentialist / Empiricist)

21
Q

*Both empiricism and intellectualism are flawed in nature

  • “We are our bodies”

*Our bodily experiences do not detach the subject/object, mind/body, rational/irrational

A

MAURICE MERLEAU - PONTY (Existentialist / Empiricist)

22
Q

Mother of all disciplines

A

PHILOSOPHY

23
Q

Socrates prized student who thoroughly expounded on Socrates ideas of the self

A

PLATO

24
Q

The philosophy of the self has been defined through two distinctions lenses…

A

EMPIRICISM & RATIONALISM

24
Q

Plato’s prized student who expounded and formalized about the human self

A

ARISTOTLE

25
Q

There is no such thing as innate knowledge; instead, knowledge is derived from experience

A

EMPIRICISM

26
Q

There is innate knowledge; explains the self from the standpoint of what is “Ideal” and “True”

A

RATIONALISM

26
Q

Dominant rational philosopher

A

René Descartes (Rationalist)

STS (2 decks)

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