Philosophers and Ideologies Flashcards
1
Q
Thomas Hobbes (4)
A
- Human selfishness results in chaos and harm to everyone
- everyone should give up sovereignty
- Believed in leviathan leader (can only justify use pf power to protect people)
- Individualism
2
Q
John Locke (5)
A
- opposed to authoritarianism of church and state
- People are reasonable and Logical to make their own decisions
- Social contract
- Democracy
- Individualism
- protect individual rights (life, liberty, property)
3
Q
Jean-Jacques Rousseau (5)
A
- interested in common good
- People are inherently good
- people lose their compassion from society
- Democracy
- Collectivism
4
Q
John Stuart Mill (4)
A
- Individuals can act as they want as long as it doesn’t hurt others
- Free speech
- Democracy
- Government only has power to protect security
5
Q
Baron De Montesquieu (5)
A
- Against the divine right of kings
- Believed in worth and equality of individuals
- Separation of powers
- Democracy
- Individualism
6
Q
Luddites
A
Workers replaced by machines that revolted by breaking the machines in a movement called “Luddism”
7
Q
Chartists
A
Working class movement focused on political and social reform looking to counter the inequality created by the industrial revolution
8
Q
Karl Marx
A
- capitalism is exploitative
- Labour is supposed to be creative
- capitalism would fail througha series of WORLDWIDE revolutions
- Collectivism (cooperative and voluntary society)
- WITHOUT a permanent dictator
9
Q
Marxism
A
- Collectivism
- Radical socialism
- Communism WITH permanent dictator
- people motivated by common good
- No one can get a lot of wealth while some live in poverty
10
Q
Socialism main points (3)
A
- Public ownership of property
- Government controlled subsidies
- Redistribution of wealth
- Cooperation
- Collectivism
11
Q
Robert Owen (4)
A
- Harshness of laissez-faire capitalism corrupted human nature
- Person’s character comes from environment
- Collectivism through everyone supporting each other using their potential in their own interests
- Socialist
12
Q
Edmund Burke
A
- A reactionary
- Society should be a hierarchy
- Government chosen with select few responsibilities
- leaders provide humanitarian care
13
Q
Adam Smith
A
Father of capitalism
14
Q
John Maynard Keynes
A
- advocated for direct government action in economic affairs
- Government should increase spending and decrease taxes in recession
- should decrease spending and increase taxes in good economy
15
Q
Charles Montesquieu
A
- liberalism
- supply and demand
- little gov involvement
16
Q
Bolsheviks
A
- Far -left marxists
- “Peace, Land, bread!”
lead to leninism
17
Q
Leninism
A
- Communism = mixed economy + welfare state
- Brought on positive changes for citizens
- land redistribution, factories given to workers, men and women equal
- “nessisary step backward to get to success” (backward = shift to the right towards capitalism)
lead to stalinism
18
Q
Stalinism
A
More extreme leninism, with added power to the dictator
19
Q
Facism
A
“anti-liberalism, anti-socialist, violently exclusionsary, expantionalist nationalists”
- “Social darwinism” the idea that some people are just better
- democracy is weak
- Created by mussolini
20
Q
Autarky
A
self sufficiency
21
Q
Classical liberalism
A
- no gov interferance
- sole function of government is to protect rights to life, liberty and property
- economic liberalism and freedom of the entreprenuer
- some classical liberalist do not trust popular democracy (fear of majority dissagreeing)
- EQUALITY OF OPROTUNITY
22
Q
Effect of classical liberalism
A
- great depression
- wealth gap
- political instability and hyper consumerism
- Developed communism and fascism against it
23
Q
Environmentalism
A
- Issues arose from pestisides, nuclear testings and toxic waste being dumped in oceans
- enshrine the right to a healthy environment in the constitution
- today focuses on negative impact of human activity on the evironment
23
Q
Modern liberalism
A
- significant gov intervention
- all individuals equal
- programs to help disadvantaged people
- Share the benefits of development equally
- Democracy
- freedom to excersise right to freedom depends on certain conditions, and the government helps meet those conditions
- EQUALITY OF OUTCOME
24
Neo-conservatism
- against modern liberalism ideals that have gone too far
- shift back towards classical liberalism (to the past)
- Government involvment should be limited and only provide most essensial services
- Economic growth stimulated by cutting corperate or income taxes
- lower taxes
24
Basic feminism
- Inequality between men and women is most significant
- must rectify sexual inequalities
25
Liberal Feminism
- both men and women are harmed by gender inequalities
- creation of equal opprotunities
