Philosophers

Question 1

St. Thomas Aquinas

Answer 1

• man is good
• man has inclination to develop and achieve perfection (happiness)
• work together for happiness And perfect it
• heaven is end destination

Question 2

Thomas Hobbes

Answer 2

• determine laws governed by man
• humanity is evil (a little above animal)
• self preservation

•NO government but acknowledged necessary
•leviathan is the one person all should give up life to
-FASCIST (government is unnatural and monster)

Question 3

Jean J Rousseau

Answer 3

•reaction to Hobbes
-man lives harmoniously/virtuously (GOOD)
-society created a mess eventually
•private property was THEFT and evil

•social contract: all men set up government in POPULAR SOVEREIGNTY with people and rulers

~power to the people (democratic socialist)

Question 4

Adam Smith

Answer 4

•EXTREME RIGHT CAPITALIST
-strict government control
-“Natural Law” economics
• competition of inductions is the most profitable

•no government intervention “laisser faire”

Question 5

John Locke

Answer 5

•GOOD humanity
-happy/untroubled lives given by God
•inalienable human cannot have gifts taken away

•life,liberty, property
-right and duty to replace government by FORCE if necessary
•moderate right wing

Question 6

John Stuart mill

Answer 6

•modern theories (liberal)

•passionate believer in individual liberty
-not interfere with rights of others
-ones rights should not harm another
•share expense of society

-society will be happy

Question 7

Montesquieu

Answer 7

BEST form of government was one with 3 branches
-legislative/executive/judicial
•SEPARATE NOT UNITED POWER
•good nature and avoid violence

Question 8

Voltaire

Answer 8

“Efficacy of reason”
•social progress can be achieved with reason
•sarcastic witty remarks
-NO AUTHORITY should be immune to challenge
No government or institute

Question 9

Machiavelli

Answer 9

Beloved a ruler was better FEARED rather than LOVED
-a loved ruler has obligation of authority while a feared leader ruled by fear of punishment
•”popular discourse”
-FASCIST
(Godless, self interest)

Question 10

E Burke

Answer 10

Opposed attempts to achieve independence
•opposed to the French Revolution
(NO CHANGE)
-conservative thinker

Question 11

Karl Marx

Answer 11

Humanity’s core conflict rages between the ruling CLASS or bourgeoisie that control production
•PROLETARIAT working class
-Classless society!!!
-capitalist vs.workers cause conflict