philosophers

Question 1

ruling is a science and you have to be trained how to do it

Answer 1

Plato

Question 2

a good government is merely one that follows the laws

Answer 2

Plato

Question 3

the best government mixed monarchy and democracy

Answer 3

Plato

Question 4

good government has a constitution even if it is unwritten

Answer 4

Aristotle

Question 5

a constitution includes shared understandings of life and the purpose of government

Answer 5

Aristotle

Question 6

natural law is the result of humans reasoning and an innate sense of justice

Answer 6

Cicero

Question 7

any law not rooted in natural law is invalid

Answer 7

Cicero

Question 8

natural law is gods design for each creature to act in proscribed ways

Answer 8

St. Thomas Aquinas

Question 9

only humans have free will and the ability to reason

Answer 9

St. Thomas Aquinas

Question 10

humans fundamental inclination is to find gods presence

Answer 10

St. Thomas Aquinas

Question 11

humans apply gods rules to individual behaviors by way of conscience

Answer 11

St. Thomas Aquinas

Question 12

natural law is in every human heart and cannot be abolished for that reason

Answer 12

St. Thomas Aquinas

Question 13

emphasizes the practicality of government, rather than idealism

Answer 13

Niccolo Machiavelli

Question 14

the ideal singular ruler (the prince) is decisive, bold, cruel when necessary, and takes a genuine interest in people

Answer 14

Niccolo Machiavelli

Question 15

Republics require an educated population, especially elites

Answer 15

Niccolo Machiavelli

Question 16

A republican government must be responsive to the people and able to adapt

Answer 16

Niccolo Machiavelli

Question 17

In a state of nature, all men are born free, equal, and autonomous

Answer 17

Thomas Hobbes

Question 18

Without a powerful central government, life is the “war of all versus all”

Answer 18

Thomas Hobbes

Question 19

men create a social contract to live together peacefully

Answer 19

Thomas Hobbes

Question 20

Purpose of government is to protect us from constant state of war and abuses of others

Answer 20

Thomas Hobbes

Question 21

Major work is second treatise on government

Answer 21

John Locke

Question 22

builds on Hobbes idea of all men being free and equal in state of nature

Answer 22

John Locke

Question 23

men create social contracts to avoid the “inconveniences” of independence

Answer 23

John Locke

Question 24

sovereignty is temporarily granted to government: can always be withdrawn

Answer 24

John Locke

Question 25

emphasis on rule of law, majoritarianism, and separation of powers

Answer 25

John Locke

Question 26

argues the people have right to revolt against an unjust government

Answer 26

John Locke

Question 27

democracy is corrupted by a spirit of inequality- the acceptance that legally some are better than others

Answer 27

Baron de Montesquieu

Question 28

democracy is corrupted by demands for complete equality in all matters

Answer 28

Baron de Montesquieu

Question 29

emphasis on tripartite government: three branches are legislative, judicial, and executive

Answer 29

Baron de Montesquieu

Question 30

sovereignty always remains with the people it is not granted to government

Answer 30

Jean Jacques Rousseau

Question 31

republican citizens must be trained in public virtue, well educated, and of relatively similar wealth

Answer 31

Jean Jacques Rousseau

Question 32

his emphasis on the importance of education in a free people led to calls for public schooling

Answer 32

Jean Jacques Rousseau

Question 33

government rests on utility and self interest, not consent of the people

Answer 33

David Hume

Question 34

ideals of justice are based on what is useful to us: it is “just” if it serves our interest and “unjust” if it hurts us

Answer 34

David Hume

Question 35

factions lead to revolutions and civil wars

Answer 35

David Hume

Question 36

most government is the result of conquest and force, not consent of the people

Answer 36

David Hume