PHILOQ1_Lesson 2

Question 1

A German Philosopher who was considered as the Father of
Phenomenology. He sought to develop a systematic Foundational science
based on the so-called phenomenological reduction.

Answer 1

Edmund Husserl

Question 2

the scientific study of essential structures of consciousness

Answer 2

phenomenology

Question 3

focuses on careful inspection and description of phenomena
or appearance, defined as any object of conscious experience, that is, that which
we are conscious of. (Johnston, 2006)

Answer 3

phenomenology

Question 4

is the state or quality of awareness, or being aware
of an external object or something within oneself.
It has been defined as sentience, awareness,
subjectivity, the ability to experience or to feel,
wakefulness, having a sense of selfhood, and the
executive control system of the mind.

Answer 4

consciousness

Question 5

a philosophical position that
attempts to reduce diverse forms of knowledge
including concepts and principles of logic and
mathematics to states of mind or phenomena
that occur in the mind. It takes psychology as the
fundamental discipline that can explain and
justify knowledge in philosophy.

Answer 5

psychologism

Question 6

something (such as an interesting fact or
event) that can be observed and studied
and that typically is unusual or difficult to
understand or explain fully

Answer 6

phenomenon

Question 7

The word “phenomenon” comes
directly from the Greek (φαινόμενoν,
_____________) which means
“__________.”

Answer 7

phainomenon; appearance

Question 8

Edmund Husserl’s
phenomenology is
the thesis that
consciousness is
_______________.

Answer 8

intentional

Question 9

Characterized
by conscious
design or
purpose. Done, made or
performed
with purpose
and intent.

Answer 9

intentional

Question 10

_______ or “________”
in which “brackets” all
questions of truth or
reality and simply
describes the content of
consciousness.
Husserl’s ideas were
borrowed from early
Skeptics and
Rene Descartes

Answer 10

Epoche; Suspension

Question 11

marked by or
involving
extraordinarily
accurate and vivid
recall especially of
visual images

Answer 11

eidetic

Question 12

s primarily not a
philosophical
method neither a set
of doctrine but more
of a outlook or
attitude supported
by diverse doctrines
centered on certain
common themes

Answer 12

existentialism

Question 13

1. The _________________ or
   the relation of
   the individual
   to the world;

Answer 13

human condition

Question 14

The ____________ to
that
condition;

Answer 14

human response

Question 15

____________, especially the
difference between the being
of person and the being of
other kinds of things;

Answer 15

Being

Question 16

Human ____-

Answer 16

freedom

Question 17

The significance
and __________ of choice and
decision in the absence of
certainty and;

Answer 17

unavoidability

Question 18

The _______and
_________of life as lived
against abstraction and false
objectification

Answer 18

concreteness; subjectivity

Question 19

As the first
existentialist,
Kierkegaard
insisted that the
authentic self was
the personally
chosen self, as
oppose to public
or “______” identity

Answer 19

herd

Question 20

has come into vogue as
the name for a rather
diffuse family of ideas and
trends that in significant
respect reject challenges
or aims to supersede
modernity;
the conviction, aspiration
and pretensions of
modern Western thought
and culture since
enlightenment.

Answer 20

postmodernism

Question 21

is not a philosophy
but rather a holding
pattern. It rightly
talks about world
philosophy, the
philosophy of many
cultures but such talk
is not a philosophy
either. (Shields, 2012

Answer 21

postmodernism

Question 22

is the conviction that to some significant
degree, philosophical problems, puzzles and
errors are rooted in language and can be
solved or avoided by a sound understanding
of language and careful attention to its
workings.

Answer 22

analytic philosophy

Question 23

It is a disciplined thinking that
is clear, rational,
open-minded, and informed
by evidence.

Answer 23

critical thinking

Question 24

is a misconception resulting
from incorrect reasoning

Answer 24

fallacy

Question 25

A specific kind of appeal to emotion in which someone tries to win support for an argument or idea by exploiting his or her opponent’s feelings of pity or guilt.

Answer 25

APPEAL TO PITY (Argumentum ad misericordiam)

Question 26

Whatever has not been proven false/ untrue must be true and vice versa.

Answer 26

appeal to ignorance

Question 27

this is a logical chain of reasoning of a term or a word several times but giving the particular word a different meaning each time.

Answer 27

equivocation

Question 28

This infer that something is true of the whole from the fact that it is true of some part of the whole. The reverse of this fallacy is division. __________reflects that something true of a thing must also be true of all or some of its parts.

Answer 28

composition; division

Question 29

This fallacy attempts to link the validity of a premise to a character of belief of the person advocating the premise however, in some instances, questions of personal conduct, character, motive, etc. are legitimate if relevant to the issue.

Answer 29

AGAINST THE PERSON (Argumentum ad hominem)

Question 30

An argument where force, coercion or the threat of force is given as a justification of conclusion

Answer 30

APPEAL TO FORCE (Argumentum ad baculum)

Question 31

An argument that appeals or exploits people’s vanities, desires for esteem and anchoring on popularity.

Answer 31

APPEAL TO THE PEOPLE (Argumentum ad populum)

Question 32

This fallacy refers to as coincidental correlation or correlation not causation.

Answer 32

false cause (post hoc)

Question 33

One commits errors if one reaches an inductive generalization based on insufficient evidences

Answer 33

hasty generalization

Question 34

This is a type of fallacy in which proposition to be proven is assumed implicitly or explicitly in the premise.

Answer 34

begging the question (petitio principii)

Question 35

means understanding of philosophy and refraining from merely giving claims but through careful thought, one reasons through argumentation

Answer 35

critical thinking

Question 35

is the careful, reflective, rational and systematic approach to questions of very general interest.

Answer 35

critical thinking

Question 36

are important tools to distinguish facts from opinions. An opinion can be a belief or judgment that rest on grounds insufficient to produce complete certainty. It is a personal view, attitude or appraisal or personal feelings.

Answer 36

crtiical thinking and logic