Philopophers- Ancient Philosophical Thinking

Question 1

Plato

Answer 1

Rationalist
World of Forms
Demiurge
Analogy of cave
Dualist

Question 2

Aristotle

Answer 2

Empiricist
Senses- not another world better than this one
Four causes
Prime mover

Question 3

A.J Ayer

Answer 3

Against Plato’s view that we all share a concept of goodness, he argued when we talk of something as being good or bad we are simply expressing our emotional reaction to it

Question 4

Aristotle

Reaction to Plato form of good

Answer 4

Argued there cannot be a single form of good because goodness relates to specific actions and situations and people. Goodness can’t be one thing because no two situations are the same

Question 5

Richard Dawkins

Answer 5

Response to Plato
Nonsense to talk of a transcendent ‘other world’. Just because this world is changing doesn’t mean we can’t study it with all these changes and processes and gain true valuable knowledge

Question 6

Russel, Satre, Dawkins

Answer 6

Aristotle saying the universe must have a telos; says it makes no sense to talk of a purpose for the universe. It just exists without any kind of reason or goal