Philo-Lesson 4 Flashcards
general term that is commonly used to refer to the entire human race.
man
refers to man as species
human
homo sapiens sapiens,
Modern human
Is a much more complex term that generally refers to a human being granted recognition of certain rights, protection, and responsibilities.
Person
Considers man as a part of the natural world of evolution
Biological Perspective
Are considered one of the most successfully adapted species on the planet
Modern Humans or Homo Sapiens Sapiens
Humans also share with other animals this so called instinct
Primal instinct
Example of primal instinct
Survival and reproduction
The develop additional traits and capabilities
Planning and intentional action, innovation and creativity, communication through language and writing, technology, symbolic interaction as evidenced by religion and art
Regarded as man’s most significant achievement, distinguishing humanity from other species on the planet
Culture
Different types of society
Hunting and gathering, Horticultural, Industrial, and virtual
Places emphasis on human behavior and thought processes in analyzing human nature
Psychological perspective
Significant mental faculties and capabilities of man:
psyche, rationality, intelligence, introspection, cognition
refers to the human mind and is divided into the conscious and unconscious
psyche
is the part that governs awareness
conscious mind
consist of latent or repressed emotions, thoughts, and desires.
unconscious mind
the state of being reasonable, the ability to understand experiences in order to solve problems or do tasks.
rationality
the ability to perceive information, store knowledge, and apply it in various situations.
intelligence
the ability to examine one’s own conscious thoughts, feelings, and mental state, and the capacity for self-reflection
introspection
the ability to perceive and experience reality through the physical body that enables the self to form its own consciousness
cognition
it states that cognition arises through the interaction between an organism and its environment.
enactivism
focuses on man’s ability to engage in productive activities in an effort to meet his wants and needs; emphasis on the “Economic man”
Economic perspective
started with most ancient green philosophers, than man by nature is a social and political animal
Social and political perspective
this view believes that no individual is fully self-sufficient; thus, a human being is always inclined to coexist with others and be part of a community
social and political perspective
established out of man’s natural tendency to come together for self preservation and meet basic needs.
societ
considers man as God’s creation
Theological perspective
refers to the individual, and all the attributes and characteristics that set him or her apart from other human beings.
Human person
most unique traits of human
Awareness of the self
the ability to feel and experience
Sentience
is the ability to perceive our surroundings using our senses and react to stimuli such as pain
Sentience
This view holds that the self is a natural part of human being, and self-awareness plays an essential role in recognizing the innate self.
The self as innate
This view holds that awareness of the self is gained through interaction in the world and with other human beings
The self as emergent
This view holds that the self is composed of varied elements that change over time
The self as integrated and developing
the distinct personality of an individual
Identity
is composed of person’s unique physical characteristics, mental attributes, experiences, memories, ideas, and views.
Personal Identity
is the recognition of a human being as a distinct entity- aperson
Personhood
This notion holds that a human being is considered a person if he or she possesses the ability to determine his or her life through “reasoned free choice”.
The person as an autonomous being
This view asserts that the human being has the inherent capacity to function as a person
The person as a unified individual
This view asserts that a human being becomes a person through interactions with other human beings.
The person in relation to others
comes from the Latin prefix trans, which means “beyond”, and word scandare, which mean “to climb”
Transcendence
in united states during the 18th century the africans slaves were considered as
Subhuman
