PHILO eastern Flashcards
Judaism
jewish; belief in one God
Monotheism
one God
Polytheism
one or more Gods
Hundaism
oldest religion; 3 main Gods: brahma, shiva, vishnu; (samsara, moksha, dharma, karma).
Brahma
creator
Shiva
destroyer
Vishnu
preserver/protector
Samsara
the cycle of birth and rebirth
Moksha
union with the Divine
Dharma
fulfillment of duties and behavior by the established order in the world
Karma
bad effect
Shinto
animalistic religion
Animism
the belief that objects, places, and creatures all possess a distinct spiritual essence.
Jainism
rejects the idea of a creator; five main vows: (ahimsa, satya, asteya, brahmacharya, aparigraha)
Ahimsa
non-violence
Satya
truth
Asteya
honesty
Brahmacharya
chastity
Aparigraha
piety
Buddhism
dukkha (earthly desires); eightfold path; shares beliefs with hinduism; two major branches (theravada & mahayana)
Confucianism
self-transformation
Islam
belief in one God (Allah); the practice of five pillars: (shahada, salat, zakat, sawm, hajj)
Taoism
unity and harmony among opposing elements (yin & yang); individuals must seek to understand and act in accordance with the natural order.
Shahada
testament of faith
Salat
daily prayers
Zakat
alms-giving
Sawm
fasting during the month of ramadan
Hajj
pilgrimage to the holy city of mecca
Islam
religion and society are closely intertwined; all muslims are members of a community (ummah) bounded by faith.
Sikhism
God is believed to have created the universe, and is present everywhere and in everything; man communicates with God through meditation, and his ultimate destiny is union with Divine.
