philo

Question 1

Who is considered the first philosopher in Greece?

Answer 1

Thales

Thales is known for attempting to measure the pyramids by its shadow and believed everything came from water.

Question 2

What is anthropomorphism?

Answer 2

Giving human-like qualities to nonhumans

Question 3

What is the focus of Pre-Socratic philosophy?

Answer 3

Physis (Greek) / Physics

The Pre-Socratic philosophers focused on nature and the physical world.

Question 4

What did Anaximander contribute to philosophy?

Answer 4

Apeiron (infinite)

Anaximander believed that everything was the opposite and that the Apeiron is undefined and ever-moving.

Question 5

What did Anaximenes believe everything was made out of?

Answer 5

Air

Question 6

What is the Pythagorean view of numbers?

Answer 6

Numbers were sacred and everything is numbers

Pythagoras and his followers viewed numbers as fundamental to understanding the universe.

Question 7

What is the significance of Heraclitus in philosophy?

Answer 7

Believed that everything is made out of fire

Heraclitus is known for his assertion that ‘no man can step in the same river twice.’

Question 8

What philosophical stance did Xenophanes take?

Answer 8

Attacked anthropomorphism and believed in one God

Question 9

What concept did Parmenides advocate?

Answer 9

The use of reason

Parmenides influenced Plato and Western philosophy.

Question 10

What is monism according to Zeno of Elea?

Answer 10

The idea that only one single entity exists that makes up all of reality

Question 11

What did the Atomists believe?

Answer 11

The universe was made up of indivisible particles called atoms

Question 12

Who was Socrates?

Answer 12

A philosopher from Athens, Greece, known for his method of questioning

Question 13

What was the Socratic Problem?

Answer 13

Uncertainty about Socrates’ existence

Question 14

What did Socrates choose over exile?

Answer 14

Death by poison (Hemlock)

Socrates believed that accepting exile would be equivalent to admitting guilt.

Question 15

What is Plato known for in relation to Socrates?

Answer 15

Most information about Socrates comes from him

Question 16

What led Plato away from politics?

Answer 16

Sparta’s victory and the execution of Socrates

Question 17

What is the Theory of Forms?

Answer 17

The idea that the visible world is made up of sight and sounds, while the intelligent world gives it being

Question 18

What are the three parts of the soul according to Plato’s Tripartite Theory?

Answer 18

• Reason
• Spirit
• Appetite

Question 19

Who was Aristotle?

Answer 19

A student of Plato and a significant philosopher

Question 20

What is the Lyceum?

Answer 20

Aristotle’s school

The name Lyceum is derived from God Apollo = Lyceus, the God of sun and music.

Question 21

What does ‘Peripatetics’ mean?

Answer 21

To work together

Question 22

What are the Vedas?

Answer 22

Sacred Text

The Vedas are ancient religious texts that form the foundation of Hindu philosophy and spirituality.

Question 23

What does ‘Orthodox’ refer to in the context of Indian philosophy?

Answer 23

Philosophy related to sacred text

Orthodox schools include Samkya, Yoga, Nyaya, Vhaisheska, Purva Mimamsa, and Vendata.

Question 24

List the six Orthodox schools of Indian philosophy.

Answer 24

• Samkya
• Yoga
• Nyaya
• Vhaisheska
• Purva Mimamsa
• Vendata

These schools are considered orthodox as they acknowledge the authority of the Vedas.

Question 25

What does ‘Heterodox’ refer to?

Answer 25

Not related to orthodox

Heterodox philosophies include Indian political philosophy, Buddhism, and Jainism.

Question 26

Who is Siddharta Gautama?

Answer 26

Rich prince who left for enlightenment (Nirvana)

Siddharta Gautama is known as the Buddha after achieving enlightenment.

Question 27

What is Nirvana in Buddhism?

Answer 27

Freedom from suffering

Nirvana represents the ultimate goal in Buddhism, signifying liberation from the cycle of rebirth.

Question 28

What are the Four Noble Truths?

Answer 28

• Suffering
• Cause (cravings/desires)
• End (Nirvana - free from suffering)
• Path (Eightfold Paths)

These truths outline the essence of Buddhist teaching.

Question 29

What are the Eightfold Paths in Buddhism?

Answer 29

• View
• Resolve
• Speech
• Action
• Livelihood
• Effort
• Mindfulness
• Concentration

The Eightfold Path provides a guide for ethical and mental development.

Question 30

True or False: Buddhism believes in reincarnation.

Answer 30

True

Reincarnation is a core belief in Buddhism, connected to the concept of Karma.

Question 31

What is Karma in Buddhism?

Answer 31

• Good Karma: reborn rich, straight to Nirvana
• Bad Karma: reborn poor, lower to animals, then lowest to plants

Karma refers to the actions that influence future rebirths and experiences.