Philo Flashcards
is the knowledge of all things through their ultimate causes, acquired through the use of reason
Philosophy
means “Love”
Philos
means of “Wisdom”
Sophia
“Lover of Wisdom”
Philosopher
studies all things, thus all aspects of reality can be the object of philosophical study (tangible)
Material Object of Philosophy
“Through their ultimate causes”, seeking the deepest explanation regarding the existence and nature of being (study)
Formal Object of Philosophy
seeking the ultimate explanation that can be arrived at by applying reasoning to facts supplied by experience (asking question)
Natural Scope of Philosophy
branches of philosophy
-Epistemologym
-Metaphysics
-Logic
-Ethics/Axiology
-Aesthetics
because the investigation is systematic (experiment, theories, and investigation)
Science
human reason alone or the so-called unaided reaso
Natural Light of Reason
he questions almost anything, if not everything. it is multidimensional or holistic
Study of All Things
something proceeds in any manner
First Cause of Higher Principle
whatever it is ; and whatever is not is not; everything is what it ism everything is its own being, and not being is not being
Principle of Identity
it is imposible for a thing to be and not to be at the same time, and at the same respect (impossible, possible answer)
Principle of Non-Contradiction
a thing is either is or is not; everything must be either be or not be; between being and not being, there is no middle ground possible (yes/no)
Principle of Excluded Middle
nothing exists without a sufficient reason for its being and existence (excuses)
Principle of Sufficient Reason
to know what is real - using 5 senses
Metaphysics
everything is water
Thales
-reality is the opposite
-unobservable
-human intellect
Plato
-moral, human actions
-moral judgement
-right or wrong
-obey - moral code
Ethics
-to be happy, is to live virtous life
-practical knowledge
Socrates
nature, sources, limitation, validity - real
Epistemology
-experience
-inductive method - specific to general
Empiricist
-judgement, opinion
-deductive method - general to specific
Rationalist
consequences
Pragmatist
-reasoning accurate mental representative make decisions
-influence of other
Logic
beauty - transfer of manifestation
Aesthetics
-awareness
-brain process, inner thought and emotions
Phenomenology : On Consciousness
-founded phenomenology establish from the early 20th century
-brackets
Edmund Husserl
cartesian - dualism
mind/body
good/evil
nature/culture
Rene Descartes
-interested
-important
-deductive method - general to specific
Intentionality
-existence
-being in the world
-self
Existentialism : On Freedom
-find your authentic self
-freedom on individual choice
Soren Kierkegaard
emphasizes the importance of free individual choice, regardless of the power of other people to influence and coerce our desires, beliefs, and decisions
Jean Paul Sarte
-society, community
-arts, architecture, philosophy, literature
Postmodernism : On Culture
breaking the past
Modernism
-hardest to prove
-verify truth we need to know the language
Analytic Tradition
basis of knowledge
Language
-reasoning
-feedback
-support each other
Logic and Critical
verification
Logic
conclude
Critical
is the difference between that makes each person unique
Diversity
-intentional
-verify the truth
Fallacy
used emotion to manipulate
Appeal to Pity
denying
Appeal to Ignorance
double meaning
Equivocation
what is true for a particular one can be a truth by a whole
Composition
taking an attribute of a whole or a class and assuming that it must also necessarily be true of each part of member (bandwagon)
Division
power - threaten
Appeal to Force
gives more emphasis on the emotions and opinions of the people as the basis lf conclusion
Appeal to People
assumed that true events are related
False Cause
when someone reaches a conclusion that is based on too little evidence (bias)
Hasty Generalization
assumes that the statement is self-evident (true) when it requires proof
-questionable
-assume only
Begging the Question
looking or seeking at truth
Philosophizing
religion
universe
standard of justice
law/politics
validity of knowledge
Mathematics
criticizing the persons themselves rather than their beliefs or ideas (criticizing the author instead of work)
Against the Person
used the same word to refer to the world of our experience
Immanuel Kant
the pre-Spanish Filipino people believed in a Supreme Being, Batula or Bathala
Bahala Na
latin term of abundance and its meaning
“Abundare” - to overflow nonstop
three great original centers of philosophy
Greek/Western, Indian, Chinese
kagandahang-loob, kabutihang-loob, and kalooban are terms that show sharing of one’s self to others
Loob: Holistic and Interior Dimensions
is mistakenly interpreted as always delayed in the committed time of arrival.
Filipino Time
is not an impersonal entity but rather a personal being that keeps the balance in the universe
Bathala
literally means to leave everything to God who is Bathala in the vernacular
Bahala Na
