Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Reviewer > Bio > Flashcards

Bio Flashcards

1
Q

A process of breaking down a chemical compound that involve splitting a bond and adding the elements of water to the resulting fragments

A

Hydrolysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Occurs when the energy produced by one reaction or system is used to drive another reaction or system

A

Energy Coupling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Is the source of energy for use and storage at the cellular level

A

ATP ( Adenosine Triphosphate)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Is a biological molecule consisting of one adenine, one sugar, and two phosphates

A

ADP (Adenosine Diphosphate)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Three parts that composed ATP

A

-Adenine (Nitrogenous Base)
-Ribose (Sugar)
-Triphosphate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Three phosphate groups

A

-Alpha Phosphate Group
-Beta Phosphate Group
-Gamma Phosphate Group

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

ATP - ADP Cycle Formula

A

energy + ADP + Pi ≈ ATP + H2O

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Proceeds with a net release of free energy

A

Exergonic Reaction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

One that absorbs free energy from its surroundings

A

Endergonic Reaction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Uncoupled Reaction:

A

Glucose + Fructose › Sucrose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Coupled Reaction:

A
  1. Glucose + ATP › Glucose - P + ADP
  2. Glucose - P + Fructose › Sucrose + Pi
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Is the process used by plants to create their own food

A

Photosynthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Are unable to make their own food, and they live on compounds produced by other organisms.

A

Heterotrophs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Types of Heterotrophs

A

-Herbivores (Plant Eaters)
-Carnivores (Meat Eaters)
-Omnivores (Eaters of meat and plants)
-Detritivores (Debris Eaters)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Self-Feeders

A

Autotrophs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Example of Autotrophs

A

-Plants
-Algae
-Cyanobactria
-Chemoautotrophic Bacteria
-Archaea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Most common type of plastid

A

Chloroplast

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Are responsible for the trapping of light energy in a chemical form and contain the green pigment

A

Chloroplast

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Green pigment is called _______

A

Chlorophyll

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Chloroplast are found mainly in the cells of the ______

A

Mesophyll

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

This layer contains tiny openings called ______ where gases, carbon dioxide, and oxygen, enter and exit the leaves.

A

Stomata

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Chloroplast double membrane:

A

Inner and Outer Membrane

23
Q

The ___________ holds a thick fluid called stroma, where tiny disc-shaped interconnected membraneous sacs called thylakoids are suspended

A

Inner Membrane

24
Q

Tiny disc-shaped interconnected membraneous sacs called ________ are suspended

A

Thylakoids

25
Q

Light-absorbing molecules called __________

A

Photosystems

26
Q

Thylakoids sacs are stacked in columns called ______ (singular: _______)

A

Grana, Granum

27
Q

________ connect thylakoids of two different grana

A

Stroma Lamellae

28
Q

The process behind plants producing their own food and oxygen, also known as the first stage

A

Light Dependent Reactions

29
Q

A pigment molecule in the photosystem absorbs individual light packet called ________

A

Photon

30
Q

Photosystem II transfers the free electrons along a series of proteins called ________

A

Electron Transport Chain

31
Q

The process wherein the hydrogen ions move through ATP synthase is called ________

A

Chemiosmosis

32
Q

Is found in chloroplasts which mediates electron transfer and contains an iron-sulfur cluster

A

Ferredoxin

33
Q

A 10 kD blue copper protein which is located in the lumen of the thylakoid where it functions as a mobile electron carrier shuttling electrons from Cytochrome b6f to P700 in Photosystem I

A

Plastocyanin

34
Q

Two important prenylquinones functioning as electron transporter in plants

A

Plastoquinone & Ubiquinone

35
Q

The process behind plants producing their own food and oxygen, also known as second stage

A

Calvin Cycle

36
Q

The calvin cycle is a part of photosynthesis, the process of plants and other autotrophs use to create nutrients from sunlight and carbon dioxide. The process was first identified by ________

A

U.S. Biochemist Dr. Melvin Calvin in 1957

37
Q

Three basic stages of calvin cycle reaction:

A

-Fixation
-Reduction
-Regeneration

38
Q

One molecule of glucose can produce a net of _________

A

30 - 32 ATP

39
Q

Is a set of metabolic reactions that take place in the presence of oxygen, occuring in a cell to convert chemical energy into ATPs

A

Aerobic Respiration

40
Q

Is a process of cellular respiration where the high energy electron acceptor is neither oxygen nor pyruvate derivatives

A

Anaerobic Respiration

41
Q

Aerobic Respiration Cycle

A
  1. Glucose › Pyruvate › Citric Acid Cycle › NADH/FADH2 › Oxidative Phosphorylation
  2. Glycolysis › NADH › Oxidative Phosphorylation
42
Q

Anaerobic Respiration Cycle
•Lactic Acid Fermentation

A

(Lactate Dehydrogenase)
C6H12O6 (Glucose) › 2C3H603 (Lactic Acid) + Energy (150 KJ)

43
Q

Anaerobic Respiration Cycle
•Alcoholic Fermentation

A

(Alcohol Dehydrogenase)
C6H12O6 (Glucose) › 2C2H50H (Ethanol) + 2CO2 (Carbon Dioxide) + Energy (210 KJ)

44
Q

Chemical Equation for Cellular Respiration

A

C6H12O6 + 6O2 › 6H2O + 6CO2

45
Q

Is the process that breaks down food molecules, usually in the form of glucose, to turn into carbon dioxide and water

A

Cellular Respiration

46
Q

Cellular Respiration can create up to an average yield of _________

A

36 - 38 ATP Molecules

47
Q

Fermentation usually produced _______

A

2 - 4 molecules of ATP

48
Q

Used by bacteria and archaebacteria yield smaller amounts if ATP, but they can take place without oxygen

A

Anaerobic Respiration Processes

49
Q

Types of Cellular Respiration:

A

-Aerobic Respiration
-Fermentation
-Methanogenesis

50
Q

Most common “energy currency” of cells is _______ which stores a lot of energy

A

ATP - a molecule

51
Q

CH3-H4MPT

A

Methenyl-Tetrahydromethanopterin

52
Q

CH3-H4SPT

A

Methenyl-Tetrahydrosarcinapterin

53
Q

Products of LDR

A

NADPH & ATP + O2

54
Q

Products of LIR

A

C6H12O6

Reviewer (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions