Bio

Question 1

A process of breaking down a chemical compound that involve splitting a bond and adding the elements of water to the resulting fragments

Answer 1

Hydrolysis

Question 2

Occurs when the energy produced by one reaction or system is used to drive another reaction or system

Answer 2

Energy Coupling

Question 3

Is the source of energy for use and storage at the cellular level

Answer 3

ATP ( Adenosine Triphosphate)

Question 4

Is a biological molecule consisting of one adenine, one sugar, and two phosphates

Answer 4

ADP (Adenosine Diphosphate)

Question 5

Three parts that composed ATP

Answer 5

-Adenine (Nitrogenous Base)
-Ribose (Sugar)
-Triphosphate

Question 6

Three phosphate groups

Answer 6

-Alpha Phosphate Group
-Beta Phosphate Group
-Gamma Phosphate Group

Question 7

ATP - ADP Cycle Formula

Answer 7

energy + ADP + Pi ≈ ATP + H2O

Question 8

Proceeds with a net release of free energy

Answer 8

Exergonic Reaction

Question 9

One that absorbs free energy from its surroundings

Answer 9

Endergonic Reaction

Question 10

Uncoupled Reaction:

Answer 10

Glucose + Fructose › Sucrose

Question 11

Coupled Reaction:

Answer 11

1. Glucose + ATP › Glucose - P + ADP
2. Glucose - P + Fructose › Sucrose + Pi

Question 12

Is the process used by plants to create their own food

Answer 12

Photosynthesis

Question 13

Are unable to make their own food, and they live on compounds produced by other organisms.

Answer 13

Heterotrophs

Question 14

Types of Heterotrophs

Answer 14

-Herbivores (Plant Eaters)
-Carnivores (Meat Eaters)
-Omnivores (Eaters of meat and plants)
-Detritivores (Debris Eaters)

Question 15

Self-Feeders

Answer 15

Autotrophs

Question 16

Example of Autotrophs

Answer 16

-Plants
-Algae
-Cyanobactria
-Chemoautotrophic Bacteria
-Archaea

Question 17

Most common type of plastid

Answer 17

Chloroplast

Question 18

Are responsible for the trapping of light energy in a chemical form and contain the green pigment

Answer 18

Chloroplast

Question 19

Green pigment is called _______

Answer 19

Chlorophyll

Question 20

Chloroplast are found mainly in the cells of the ______

Answer 20

Mesophyll

Question 21

This layer contains tiny openings called ______ where gases, carbon dioxide, and oxygen, enter and exit the leaves.

Answer 21

Stomata

Question 22

Chloroplast double membrane:

Answer 22

Inner and Outer Membrane

Question 23

The ___________ holds a thick fluid called stroma, where tiny disc-shaped interconnected membraneous sacs called thylakoids are suspended

Answer 23

Inner Membrane

Question 24

Tiny disc-shaped interconnected membraneous sacs called ________ are suspended

Answer 24

Thylakoids

Question 25

Light-absorbing molecules called __________

Answer 25

Photosystems

Question 26

Thylakoids sacs are stacked in columns called ______ (singular: _______)

Answer 26

Grana, Granum

Question 27

________ connect thylakoids of two different grana

Answer 27

Stroma Lamellae

Question 28

The process behind plants producing their own food and oxygen, also known as the first stage

Answer 28

Light Dependent Reactions

Question 29

A pigment molecule in the photosystem absorbs individual light packet called ________

Answer 29

Photon

Question 30

Photosystem II transfers the free electrons along a series of proteins called ________

Answer 30

Electron Transport Chain

Question 31

The process wherein the hydrogen ions move through ATP synthase is called ________

Answer 31

Chemiosmosis

Question 32

Is found in chloroplasts which mediates electron transfer and contains an iron-sulfur cluster

Answer 32

Ferredoxin

Question 33

A 10 kD blue copper protein which is located in the lumen of the thylakoid where it functions as a mobile electron carrier shuttling electrons from Cytochrome b6f to P700 in Photosystem I

Answer 33

Plastocyanin

Question 34

Two important prenylquinones functioning as electron transporter in plants

Answer 34

Plastoquinone & Ubiquinone

Question 35

The process behind plants producing their own food and oxygen, also known as second stage

Answer 35

Calvin Cycle

Question 36

The calvin cycle is a part of photosynthesis, the process of plants and other autotrophs use to create nutrients from sunlight and carbon dioxide. The process was first identified by ________

Answer 36

U.S. Biochemist Dr. Melvin Calvin in 1957

Question 37

Three basic stages of calvin cycle reaction:

Answer 37

-Fixation -Reduction -Regeneration

Question 38

One molecule of glucose can produce a net of _________

Answer 38

30 - 32 ATP

Question 39

Is a set of metabolic reactions that take place in the presence of oxygen, occuring in a cell to convert chemical energy into ATPs

Answer 39

Aerobic Respiration

Question 40

Is a process of cellular respiration where the high energy electron acceptor is neither oxygen nor pyruvate derivatives

Answer 40

Anaerobic Respiration

Question 41

Aerobic Respiration Cycle

Answer 41

1. Glucose › Pyruvate › Citric Acid Cycle › NADH/FADH2 › Oxidative Phosphorylation 2. Glycolysis › NADH › Oxidative Phosphorylation

Question 42

Anaerobic Respiration Cycle •Lactic Acid Fermentation

Answer 42

(Lactate Dehydrogenase) C6H12O6 (Glucose) › 2C3H603 (Lactic Acid) + Energy (150 KJ)

Question 43

Anaerobic Respiration Cycle •Alcoholic Fermentation

Answer 43

(Alcohol Dehydrogenase) C6H12O6 (Glucose) › 2C2H50H (Ethanol) + 2CO2 (Carbon Dioxide) + Energy (210 KJ)

Question 44

Chemical Equation for Cellular Respiration

Answer 44

C6H12O6 + 6O2 › 6H2O + 6CO2

Question 45

Is the process that breaks down food molecules, usually in the form of glucose, to turn into carbon dioxide and water

Answer 45

Cellular Respiration

Question 46

Cellular Respiration can create up to an average yield of _________

Answer 46

36 - 38 ATP Molecules

Question 47

Fermentation usually produced _______

Answer 47

2 - 4 molecules of ATP

Question 48

Used by bacteria and archaebacteria yield smaller amounts if ATP, but they can take place without oxygen

Answer 48

Anaerobic Respiration Processes

Question 49

Types of Cellular Respiration:

Answer 49

-Aerobic Respiration -Fermentation -Methanogenesis

Question 50

Most common "energy currency" of cells is _______ which stores a lot of energy

Answer 50

ATP - a molecule

Question 51

CH3-H4MPT

Answer 51

Methenyl-Tetrahydromethanopterin

Question 52

CH3-H4SPT

Answer 52

Methenyl-Tetrahydrosarcinapterin

Question 53

Products of LDR

Answer 53

NADPH & ATP + O2

Question 54

Products of LIR

Answer 54

C6H12O6