PHG Practicals Flashcards
What’s the use of the osmotic fragility curve?
It determines the rate of hemolysis of RBCs
Hemolysis usually occurs in a hypotonic solution and it is usually maximum at 0.45% normal saline
What percentage of the human body weight does blood make?
8%
pH= 7.35-7.45
RBC count= 5.4 million in males and 4.8 million in females
What’s the Hb and pcv levels in males and females
Hb 12-16g/dL in females, 13-18 in males
PCV; M- 45-52%, F- 37-48%
What is the normal bleeding time?
3-7 mins
What is Rouleaux formation?
It’s the stacking of RBCs
What’s the function of a centrifuge
Used to separate fluids based on different densitites
What’s the function of an ECG machine?
It is used to measure and record the electrical activities of the heart. It produces an electrocardiogram
Ergometer function
Used for physical exercise and fitness
Spirometer/Spirolab function
Used to measure FEV FVC and lung volume
Sahli’s Hemoglobinometer function
Used to measure Hemoglobin
Kymograph function
Used to measure vibrations and variations in muscle contractions.
Used in pressure experiments
Aesthesiometer function
Used to measure two point discrimination and touch sensations
Tuning fork function
Used for vibration experiments (Rhine’s test and Weber’s test)
Ophthalmoscope function
Used to observe the retina and the arteries
Used to view the interior of the eye
Perimeter function
Used to measure the visual field of the eye
Snellen’s chart function
Used to test for visual acuity
Ischiara chart function
Used to test for colour blindness
Glucometer function
Used to measure blood glucose levels
Lancets function
Used to prick the finger while measuring blood glucose levels
BMI chart function
Used to measure weight, BMI and identify obesity
OGTT curve function
Clinically used to diagnose diabetes mellitus
Conway dish function
Used for renal experiments
Soda lime cannister function
Used to absorb CO2
Nose clip function
Used to hold the nose during exercise or physiology experiments
Douglas bag function
Used to carry expired air
Wright peak flow meter function
Used to measure peak expiratory flow rate
Tissue bath function
Used to house laboratory specimen in phg experiments
Pithing rod function
To make an incision/hole in the brain of the lab animal
Force transducer and breathing circuit function
Used for respiratory experiments
Urinometer function
Used to measure specific gravity of urine
Power lab function
Power source for phg equipments
Audiometer function
Used for hearing experiments
ECF markers include
Inulin
Raffinose
Radioisotopes of NaCl
Plasma markers include
Evans blue dye
Iodinated albumin
Total body water markers
Deuterium dioxide
Tritium oxide
Aminopyrine
What’s the function of a polygraph
It is used to measure pulse
What were the anaesthetic agents used in the lab
Sodium phenobarbitone
Sodium pentobarbitone
What RBC count would be anemic?
Below 11g/dL
What’s the specific gravity of Urine
1.005-1.030
What’s use to correct astigmatism?
Cylindrical lens
What’s used to correct presbyopia?
Biconvex lens
What’s the normal vital capacity?
400-600mls
What’s peak expiratory flow rate?
This is maximum flow rate of a forced expired air in a single breath
Which vagus nerve is most potent?
Right vagus cause it stimulates the SA node directly so it has more effect on blood pressure
What’s Atropine used for ?
It’s used to block muscarinic ach receptors
Antibody A, blood group B is what colour
Blue color
Antibody B(AntiserumB), blood group A
Yellow colour
Antibody AB(Antiserum AB), Blood group O
Colourless
What’s the defect in astigmatism
The cornea is oval shaped and the image has multiple focal points
What’s the function of curare and atropine?
Curare blocks nicotinic Ach receptors
Atropine blocks muscarinic Ach receptors
The tissue bath is usually filled with what solution
Tyrode solution
Ringer’s solution is used in
Simple muscle twitch experiment
What’s the function of a colorimeter
Aka Spectrophotometer. It is used to measure optical density
What’s the function of the pneumotachometer?
It converts air flow into differential pressure
