Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PHG > Blood And Body Fluids > Flashcards

Blood And Body Fluids Flashcards

1
Q

What are the factors affecting the distribution of body fluids?

A 
Age
Sex
Degree of fatness
Diseases such as edema 
Electrolyte distribution
Fluid intake and loss
Hormones such as adh and aldosterone 
Pregnancy 
Protein concentration
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the volume of body water in a 70kg man?

A

TBW makes up 60% of body weight and it is 42 liters

With ICF making 40% abs ECF being 20%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the functions of body fluids?

A 
Provide an environment for the cells
Maintains the shape of the cells and general body shape
Provides a medium for metabolic reaction
Transporters
Acts as a body coolant
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are characteristics of materials used in measurement?

A

It must be specific for the compartment being measured
It must mix evenly
It must produce no fluid dynamic effect
It must be easy to measure
It must remain unchanged during the period or the amount that is changed should be known

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the materials that can be used to measure Total body water?

A

Deuterium dioxide
Tritium oxide
Aminopyrine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what are the characteristics of a material used in measuring body fluids

A

Must be specific for that compartment

Mix evenly in the compartment
Produce no Fluid dynamic effect

Remain unchanged during the period or amount changed known

Easy to measure
should not be metabolised by the body, even if metabolised, the amount metabolised should be accounted for

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what are the materials used to measure total body water?

A

deuterium oxide
tritium oxide
aminopyrine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what are the materials used to measure ECF

A

radioisotopes of Na, Cl
inulin
raffinose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what are the materials used to measure plasma

A

evans blue

iodinated albumin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what are the factors that can lead to increased capillary permeability?

A

substance p
histamine
bradykinin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what percent does the blood make up in a 70kg man?

A

7-8%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what are the requirements of erythropoeisis?

A 
iron
erythropoietin
vit b12
folic acid
amino acids 
lipids
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

how many amino acids does erythropoietin have?

A

165

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is the half life of erythropoietin?

A

5 hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what stimulates the release of erythropoeitin?

A

hypoxia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

whats the average RBC count?

A

average is 5 million/mm3
male 4.5-6million/mm3
female 4.3-4.5 million/mm3

17
Q

at what conc is hemolysis 100%?

A

0.35% normal saline because it is hypotonic to plasma

18
Q

what is the HB conc in males and females respectively?

A

males 16g/dL(hematocrit 47%)

females 14g/dL (hematocrit 42%)

19
Q

what are the homeostatic functions of blood?

A

helps to maintain interstitial fluid compartment, regulates body pH and temp, protects against infection and it is involved in blood clotting

20
Q

what is rate of sedimentation of RBCs in new borns, males and females respectively?

A

2mm/hr
3-7mm/hr
3-15mm/hr

21
Q

iron is absorbed from the ………….. part of the small intestine and its transport is ………….. faster in the ……state than in the ………. state

A

first
3 times
ferrous (2+)
ferric (3+)

22
Q

whats the daily requirement of iron in men and women?

A

men and women 0.5mg

menstruating women require about 2mg

23
Q

where does the absorption of vitb12 take place?

A

terminal ileum

24
Q

the pathology seen in vit B12 deficiency is known as

A

pernicious anemia

25
Q

how many O2 molecules can HB carry?

A

4

26
Q

how many aa do the polypeptides of hemoglobin have?

A

The chains that are available are ;
α-chain : which has 141 amino acids
β- chain : which has 146 amino acids
δ and Y- chain : which has 146 amino acids;

Thus Hemoglobin A (α2 β2), Hemoglobin A2 (α2 β2 97%, α2 δ2 2.5%), Hemoglobin F (α2 γ2)

27
Q

What are the diseases associated abnormal hemoglobin?

A

Thalassemia- easily ruptured RBCs

Sickle cell hemoglobin

28
Q

What’s the defect in sickle cell disease?

A

It has hemoglobin s in which there is a substitution of valine for glutamic acid at position 6

29
Q

What is the normal bilirubin conc in plasma

A

0.3-1.0mg/dL

30
Q

Jaundice is caused by

A

Bilirubin conc in plasma >1.0mg/dL and hemolyses of blood of 300-500mLs per day

31
Q

What are the causes of jaundice?

A

Excessive hemolysis of RBCs
Infection of liver cells
Obstruction of bile duct

32
Q

What are the types of anemia?

A 
Sickle cell a 
Aplastic a
Pernicious a 
Iron deficient/microcytic a
Hemolytic a
33
Q

What are the factors affecting the erythrocyte sedimentation rate?

A

Shape of cells
Conc of plasma proteins
Infection
Density of plasma

34
Q

What is the conc of lymphocytes, what percentage of wbc do they make and what’s their half life?

A

1500-4000/mm3 of blood
20-40%
Half life is 200 days

35
Q

What are the factors that prevent coagulation?

A 
Liver disease
Vit K abnormalities 
Aspirin 
Calcium Chelators
Low platelet count
36
Q

How does apyrase prevent clotting?

A

Inhibits platelet aggregation through the hydrolysis of ADP

Note: Apyrase (EC 3.6. 1.5, ATP-diphosphatase, adenosine diphosphatase, ADPase, ATP diphosphohydrolase) is a calcium-activated plasma membrane-bound enzyme (magnesium can also activate it) (EC 3.6. 1.5) that catalyses the hydrolysis of ATP to yield AMP and inorganic phosphate.

37
Q

What are the types of hemophilia we have?

A

Hemophilia A (genetic deficiency of antihemophilic factor/factor 8)

Hemophilia B (genetic deficiency of factor 9/Christmas factor)

Hemophilia C (deficiency of factor 11/plasma thromboplastin antecedent)

38
Q

In how many percent of the population is the Rhesus factor present?

A

85%

39
Q

What are the cofactors in the coagulation cascade?

A

Factors 5 and 8

PHG (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions