Phenotypic & Genetic Variation Flashcards
Population
A group of individuals of the same species living in one area
Gene pool
The total collection of genes and alleles in a population
Species
A group of organisms that can interbreed and produce fertile offspring
What is phenotypic variation?
Differences in physical traits among individuals in a population
What is genetic variation?
Differences in genes or alleles among individuals in a population
What are nucleotide differences?
Variations in DNA sequencing causing genetic diversity
Mutations
Changes in DNA that create new alleles
What is continuous variation?
Gradual differences in traits, with a range of possible values
What is the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?
A principle stating that allele frequencies in a population remain constant unless influenced by evolutionary factors
Hardy-Weinberg principles, assumptions made
- No selection
- No mutation
- Large population
What does it mean when genotype frequencies conform to Hardy-Weinberg?
-No evolution is occurring
What does it mean when genotype frequencies are not at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?
Evolution is occurring
Hardy-Weinberg actual math equation
p^2 + 2pq + q^2 = 1
Diploid Genotype
one set of chromosomes from its mother and another set from its father
Gene flow
Brand new alleles may enter a population via genetic exchange with a different population
Sir Francis Galton
Charles Darwin’s cousin that helped develop the field of quantitative genetics
