Phenomenology (definitions) Flashcards
Illusion
Psychiatric symptom
Misperception of a real external stimulus
Hallucination
Psychiatric symptom
A perception which occurs in the absence of an external stimulus.
Can be auditory, visual, olfactory, somatic, gustatory, tactile
Hypnopompic hallucination
Psychiatric symptom
Hallucination when waking up
Hypnogogic hallucination
Psychiatric symptom
Hallucination as going to sleep
Reflex hallucination
Psychiatric symptom
A hallucination in response to a particular stimulus - ‘I can hear your pen pressing on my heart when you write’
Extracampine hallucination
Psychiatric symptom
A hallucination that is completely impossible.
Ie - its possible someone could be standing behind you, but not that you can hear people in Australia
2nd person auditory hallucination
Psychiatric symptom
You are… voices.
you are a bad person, you are going to die etc
3rd person auditory hallucination
Psychiatric symptom
Running commentary of life, voices discussing
‘She is…’
Over valued idea
Psychiatric symptom
Unrealistic idea held without logic but one that can be changed/shaken
Not rigidly held like a delusion
Delusion
Psychiatric symptom
Unrealistic idea which cannot be changed, out of keeping with the patient’s educational, cultural and social background. Held with subjective certainty
They are knowledge claims, not belief claims, always self-referential and held without insight.
Persecutory delusion
Psychiatric symptom
someone (or organisation) is out to get you
Grandiose delusion
Psychiatric symptom
You think you are of particular significance
ie you have super powers
Self-referential delusion
Psychiatric symptom
You think things are referencing you - ie on TV the colour of a bow tie means the presenter is happy or annoyed at you
Nihilistic delusion
Psychiatric symptom
You believe that you are dead
so you might think you dont need to eat etc
Guilt delusion
Psychiatric symptom
you believe that something is your fault - ie you sneezed on holiday and then ebola started
Capgras delusion
Psychiatric symptom
The belief that someone (usually a close relative) has been taken away and replaced by an identical looking imposter
Fregoli delusion
Psychiatric symptom
thinking multiple people are all the same person in different disguises
Subjective doubles delusion
Psychiatric symptom
believing that there is a copy of you in the world doing things
Delusional perception
Psychiatric symptom
A delusional belief that follows a real stimulus
Ie a traffic light turns red so MI5 are trying to slow me down
Thought insertion
Psychiatric symptom
Alien thoughts are being put into head by someone else
Thought withdrawal
Psychiatric symptom
Someone is taking thoughts out of head
Thought broadcast
Psychiatric symptom
Thoughts are so loud that EVERYONE can hear them
Thought echo
Psychiatric symptom
an auditory hallucination whereby the thoughts can be heard spoken aloud as they are thought or a moment after
Thought block
Psychiatric symptom
Lose train of though, be thinking about something and then sudden interruption leaving a blank
Concrete thinking
Psychiatric symptom of expression
Take everything literally, lack of abstract thinking.
Normal in children
Loosening of association
Psychiatric symptom of expression
Disjointed, illogical progression of thoughts.
Will go from subject to subject - very hard to follow patients path of thinking
AKA Knight’s move thinking
Circumstantiality
Psychiatric symptom of expression
Take a long time to get to the point, irrelevant wandering in conversation
Perseveration
Psychiatric symptom of expression
repeating the same answer to different questions - which is no longer appropriate
(ie when do you go? two weeks, where? two weeks…
Confabulation
Psychiatric symptom of expression
inventing false accounts of an event to fill a gap in memory
Somatic passivity
Delusional belief that an external entity is making pt feel a bodily sensation
Made act
Made feeling
Made drive
Something/one is making pt do something
feel something
feel driven in a particular way
Catatonia
An umbrella term for a state of increased or reduced motor activity in the absence of a mood or neurological disorder
Stupor
= akinetic autism
marked loss of activity with no response to stimuli
may mark a progression of motor retardation
Psychomotor retardation
Slowing of thoughts and movements
slow to answer questions etc
Flight of ideas
pt jumping from topic to topic but they are linked, albeit tentatively (ie crashed into a wall, fall, ball - kicked a ball… - rhyming link)
Pressure of speech
pt talking very quickly, large amount of speech, can’t get a word in.
often wanders off point of conversation
suggestive of mania
Anhedonia
lack of enjoyment of activities that one would normally find interesting
Apathy
lack of interest, enthusiasm or concern
Incongruity of affect
emotional expression doesnt match what the pt is talking about.
ie my dog died, smiling
Blunting of affect
expression doesnt change when talking about something sad - absence of normal emotional response
without depression or psychomotor retardation
Belle indifference
lack of concern about a physical impairment/symptom
can be after a conversion disorder
conversion
after a psychological event, the pt has motor or sensory somatic symptoms without an organic cause
Depersonalisation
a feeling of detachment to one’s body - as if pt is just sat in the back of their head watching what they do with apathy as if they were a spectator
Derealisation
a feeling that the world around them isnt really real, appearing dull, grey and lifeless
Dissociation
when a person feels disconnected from himself and or his surroundings
Mannerism
repeated uncoordinated movement, ie twirling hair when speaking in public.
not necessarily pathological!
Stereotyped behaviour
repetitive, coordinated behaviour, ie a salute
Obsession
a recurrent thought which is patients own
ie - is door locked?
Compulsion
Repetitive action that feels like it has to be carried out, even if patient knows its senseless
ie washing hands 20times/day
Akathisia
motor restlessness, need to move around alot
big cause of suicide in psychiatric patients
Gender dysphoria
feeling of being a different gender to biological sex
gender identity
a persons inner conviction of being male or female
Transvestism
a person who wants to dress as the other sex even though they identify as their sex
Phobia
irrational fear of a particular thing
Projection
when you claim someone else is displaying the emotion that you are feeling
Transference
moving emotions onto an interviewer that are from childhood
ie being aggressive towards them because they have a beard and their abuser had a beard
