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Psychiatry > Phenomenology > Flashcards

Phenomenology Flashcards

1
Q

What are hallucinations?

A

Perceptions occurring in the absence of an external physical stimulus

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2
Q

What are over-valued ideas?

A

False or exaggerated belief sustained beyond logic or reason but w less rigidity than a delusion

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3
Q

What are delusions

A

False, unshakeable idea or belief, not in keeping w pts educational, cultural and social background.

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4
Q

What are delusional perceptions?

A

Delusional belief resulting from a real perception e.g. traffic light turning red may be interpreted as the defining moment they realised they were being followed by MI5

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5
Q

What are hypnopompic/hypnagogic hallucinations?

A

sensations as you’re falling asleep/waking up, these are common

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6
Q

What are reflex hallucinations?

A

having an input in one modality and an experience in a different modality e.g. when you write I can hear your pen pressing on my heart

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7
Q

What are extracampine hallucinations?

A

a hallucination that can’t possibly be experienced, they are outside the limit of sensory apparatus

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8
Q

What are the different type of auditory hallucinations?

A
  • 2nd person - direct to the person experiencing them e.g. YOU are a bad person, YOU are the next messiah
  • 3rd person - running commentary, voices discussing/commenting
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9
Q

What are persecutory delusions?

A

believe they’re being persecuted, mistreated

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10
Q

What are grandiose delusions?

A

over inflated sense of worth, power, knowledge or identity, may believe they have a great talent or made an important discovery

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11
Q

What are self-referential delusions?

A

individual’s experiencing innocuous events or mere coincidences and believing they have strong personal significance

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12
Q

What are nihilistic delusions?

A

delusion that things do not exist

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13
Q

What are misidentification delusions? what types are included in this?

A

misidentify people or a popn as a whole:

  1. Capgras - someone replaced by an imposter
  2. fregoli - various people are the same person
  3. subjective doubles - doppelgänger, someone out there is copying them
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14
Q

What are the different types of thought alienation? explain them

A

insertion - someone placing thoughts into their head
withdrawal - external agency is taking thoughts from that person
broadcast - thinks everyone can hear their thoughts
echo - hears their thoughts spoken aloud either simultaneously or a moment after
block - sudden interruption to the train of thought leaving a blank

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15
Q

What is concrete thinking?

A

lack of abstract thinking, literal thinking of the physical world

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16
Q

When is concrete thinking normal?

A

in childhood

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17
Q

In what conditions can concrete thinking be observed?

A

ASD

schizophrenia (psychosis)

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18
Q

What is loosening of association?

A

lack of association between succeeding thoughts, giving rise to incoherent speech

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19
Q

What is circumstantiality?

A

Irrelevant wandering in conversation, talking at great length around the point

20
Q

What is perseveration

A

Repetition of a word, theme or action beyond it being appropriate (assoc w organic/frontal disorder)

21
Q

What is confabulation?

A

Misinterpreted memories about oneself or the world, without the conscious intention to deceive.

22
Q

When are confabulations commonly seen?

A

alcoholics (korsakovs, retrograde amnesia, apathy etc)

23
Q

What is somatic passivity?

A

Delusional belief that one is a passive recipient of bodily sensations from an external agency

24
Q

Explain made - act/feeling/drive

A

made feeling - pt has experiences that aren’t their own, been imposed upon them
made act - pt feels their action and will to be under control of an outside force
made drive - pt experiences and acts upon a compelling impulse which they believe is not their own

25
Q

What is stupor?

A

Complete loss of activity w no response to stimuli

26
Q

What is psychomotor retardation?

A

slowing of thoughts and movements

27
Q

When is psychomotor retardation seen?

A

depression
psychotropics
Parkinson’s

28
Q

What is flight of ideas?

A

increased volume of speech, rapid skipping from one thought to distantly related ideas

29
Q

What is pressure of speech

A

v rapid rate of delivery, talking about lots of things, don’t have to be connected, highly suggestive of mania, can be too fast or erratic to understand

30
Q

What is the difference between anhedonia and apathy?

A

anhedonia - Inability to experience pleasure from activities they previously found enjoyable
apathy - loss of interest in general

31
Q

What is incongruity of affect?

A

Emotional responses which are not appropriate for the situation

32
Q

What is blunting of affect?

A

Absence of normal emotional responses, without evidence of depression or psychomotor retardation

33
Q

What is la belle indifference?

A

A condition in which the person is unconcerned with symptoms caused by a conversion disorder

34
Q

What is depersonalisation?

A

When somebody loses the experience of themselves, feels like an apathetic spectator of their own activities

35
Q

What is derealisation?

A

Person feels like they are real but that the world is not (as if ur looking at urself from above or outside)

36
Q

What is dissociation?

A

Feel mentally detached from their surroundings e.g. like in a wardrobe

37
Q

What is conversion?

A

Neurological symptoms that cannot be explained by medical evaluation but relate back to a psychological trigger

38
Q

What are mannerisms?

A

habitual gesture of language or behaviour

39
Q

What is stereotyped behaviour?

A

uniform, repetitive non-goal directed actions

40
Q

What are obsessions?

A

recurrent persistent thought, image or impulse that enters consciousness unbidden, is their own thoughts

41
Q

What are compulsions?

A

the actual repetitive behaviour due to obsessions

42
Q

What is akathisia?

A

motor restlessness, ranging from anxiety to inability to lie or sit quietly

43
Q

What is projection?

A

mechanism in which what is emotionally unacceptable in the self is unconsciously rejected and attributed to others e.g. someone who is rude may accuse others of being rude
A defense mechanism people subconsciously employ in order to cope with difficult feelings or emotions

44
Q

What is transference?

A

unconscious redirection of the feelings a person has about a second person to feelings the first person has about a third person e.g. client to a therapist

45
Q

What are illusions?

A

Misperception of a real stimuli

46
Q

What is stupor?

A

loss of activity w no response to stimuli, may mark a progression of motor retardation

47
Q

What are the types of catatonia? give features

A

excited - bizarre, non-goal directed hyperactivity and impulsiveness
or
inhibited - stupor, waxy flexibility, rigidity, posturing

Psychiatry (21 decks)

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