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Psychiatry > Phenomenology > Flashcards

Phenomenology Flashcards

1
Q

Define illusion.

A

Misinterpreting an external stimulus

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2
Q

Define hallucination.

A

An experience in the absence of an external stimulus

Similar quality to a real perception

Experienced as originating in real world, not inside mind

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3
Q

What are hypnogogic and hypnopompic hallucinations?

A

HyponGOgic - going to sleep

Hypnopompic - waking up

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4
Q

What is a reflex hallucination?

A

Stimulation in one modality produces a hallucination in another

Seeing flashing lights when hearing the phone ring

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5
Q

What is an extracampine hallucination?

A

Hallucinations experienced outside the sensory field.=, outside of what is reasonable and possible.

Hearing people speaking in Australia

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6
Q

Types of auditory hallucinations?

A

2nd person: voices talking to the patient

3rd person: voices discussing the patient, or giving a running commentary of what they’re doing.

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7
Q

What is a pseudohallucination?

A

Hallucination that arises in the person’s mind, rather than through one of the sensory organs

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8
Q

Define passivity phenomena.

A

The feeling that an external agency is controlling the patient’s thoughts and actions, feelings.

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9
Q

What is somatic passivity?

A

Belief that a bodily sensation is the result of an external agency

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10
Q

What is a:

  • made act / made drive
  • made feeling?
A

Made act / drive: action controlled by external agency

Made feeling: external agency is causing patient to feel a certain way

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11
Q

What is catatonia?

When does it occur?

A

A state in which a person becomes mute, in a stupor or adopts a bizarre posture for many hours.

Seen in late stages of schizophrenia

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12
Q

What are some features of catatonia?

A

Mutism
Echolalia

Adopting and holding a bizarre position for many hours

No response to external stimuli

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13
Q

Define:

  • waxy flexibility
  • echolalia
  • echopraxia
  • stupor
  • psychomotor retardation
A

Waxy flexibility: type of catatonia where the limbs can be moved passively by someone which are then retained for hours

Echolalia: repetition of someone’s spoken words

Echopraxia: mimicking of someone else’s movements

Stupor: a state of near unconsciousness, with apparent mental inactivity and no response to stimulation

Psychomotor retardation: movement is very slow due to mental disorder

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14
Q

Define delusion.

A

A false belief that is firmly held

not affected by rational argument or evidence to contrary

that is outside of the persons normal cultural and social background

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15
Q

List and define some types of delusion.

A

Persecutory: belief that someone is out to harm you, you’re being followed

Grandiose: belief that you have special powers or abilities

Nihilistic: belief that everything is negated or absent

Misidentification: a family member has been replaced, by a stranger masquerading as them, or that everyone is actually one person masquerading as many people

Hypochondriacal

Guilt: belief that you’re responsible for something terrible, which you aren’t.

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16
Q

What is a delusional perception?

A

A delusion triggered by an incorrect perception of something.

Being stopped at a red light made you realise the MI5 were tracking you

17
Q

Define thought disorder (AKA thought alienation).

List and define the types (there are 5!)

A

A feeling that one’s thoughts are being interfered with.

Though insertion: thoughts implanted into your head that aren’t yours

Thought withdrawal: thoughts are being extracted by an external agency

Thought broadcast: belief that thoughts are being broadcast to everyone

Thought echo: when a thought is echoed in your mind

Thought block: all thoughts are emptied from mind

18
Q

Define concrete thinking? When is it normal and when is it not?

A

When a person takes phrases such as sayings very literally.

Normal in children, abnormal in adults

19
Q

Define loosening of association.

A

Flitting from topic to topic with no association between the topics.

Speech is incoherent and hard to follow

20
Q

Define circumstantiality.

A

Slow, rambling, convoluted speaking.

They do eventually reach their goal and there is an obvious train of thought

21
Q

Define perseveration.

A

Repetition of a word, theme or action beyond the point that it was relevant and appropriate.

They may keep answering questions with the same answer.

22
Q

Define confabulation. When is it most commonly seen?

A

Giving a false account to fill a gap in their memory. They will believe what they say is true.

Seen commonly in severe chronic alcohol misuse

23
Q

Define:

  • flight of ideas

- pressure of speech

A

Flight of ideas: ideas are coming really fast, rapid skipping between thoughts, tentative train of thought

Pressure of speech: speaking fast, continuously, unusually

24
Q

Define affect. What are 3 problems seen with affect?

A

Emotional tone of a person.

Incongruity: expression doesn’t match up to what they’re feeling

Blunting: not much expression when talking about something that should cause emotion

Flatting: no expression

25
Q

What is conversion disorder?

A

The conversion of psychological trauma into a physical problem

Usually blindness, numbness, paralysis, fits

26
Q

What is belle indifference?

A

When a person seems to be unconcerned about their symptoms caused by a conversion disorder

27
Q

Define

  • depersonalisation
  • derealisation
  • dissociation
A

Depersonalisation: feeling that you are not really there

Derealisation: everything feels like it is a false reality

Dissociation: mentally detaching self from what’s going on, it is a defence mechanism

28
Q

Define stereotyped behaviour.

A

A behaviour that has no purpose but it is a response to a feeling.
Eg. twisting hands when feeling excited

29
Q

Define:

  • obsession
  • compulsion
  • over-valued idea?
A

Obsession: intrusive thoughts about things that are worrying and have bad consequences, but are recognised as irrational and own thoughts

Compulsion: a need to do a certain action, knows it is irrational but cannot not do it

Over-valued: a false belief that’s held but is shakeable

30
Q

Define:

  • akathisia

- tardive dyskinesia?

A

Akathisia: a feeling of inner restlessness, the need to be constantly moving, e.g restless legs

Tardive dyskinesia: continuous writhing movements, caused by long term anti-psychotic use

31
Q

What’s folie a deux?

A

When a delusion is passed on to someone living in close proximity

32
Q

What drugs cause delirium?

A

Steroids
NSAIDs
Benzos
TCAs

Psychiatry (17 decks)

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