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BDS4 > PHEBD > Flashcards

PHEBD Flashcards

1
Q

Signs of addiction

A

Continued use despite harmful affects
Withdrawal symptoms urges use during abstinence
Failure of attempts to stop

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2
Q

Withdrawal syndrome symptoms

A 
Nicotine craving 
Inc. appetite
Mood change: irritable, restless
Difficulty concentrating 
Disturbed sleep
Light headed
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3
Q

Evidence for NRT

A

Individual 4x more likely to successful quit smoking with medication + behaviour support
NRT helps manage withdrawal

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4
Q

Types of NRT

A

Patches: 1ry, work well for most
Gum
Nasal/mouth sprays
Inhalators

Others: lozenges, oral strips, micro tabs

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5
Q

Define smokeless tobacco

A

NICE 2012: Any tobacco product placed in mouth/nose + not burned

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6
Q

NICE 3 categories of smokeless tobacco

A

W/ or w/o flavourants: misri Indian tobacco
W/ alkaline modifier: khaini, naswar
W/ slaked lime (alkaline modifier) + Areca nut: gutkha, zarda
- slaked lime inc. nicotine uptake

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7
Q

Epidemiology of smokeless tobacco

A

~50y
Deprived/low SES
F>M

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8
Q

Reasons for smokeless tobacco use

A 
Culture
- social tradition 
- religious significance 
- traditional 
Fresh breath
Ease digestion 
Attractive
Ease oral pain
Cheap + easy to buy
Nicotine addiction
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9
Q

Health effects of smokeless tobacco

A 
Oral submucous fibrosis 
Leukoplakia 
Oral cancer
Gum disease
PLWB
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10
Q

PHE Smoke free + smiling recommendations

A

All smokers receive advice + offered support w/ referral to local stop smoking service
Commissioners of dental teaching ensure cessation training available + meets national standards
Dental teams routinely proactive in engaging tobacco users
Commissioning bodies implement appropriate measures to support above

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11
Q

Global prevalence of oral conditions (Global burden of disease 2010)

A
  1. UnTx caries (permanent); 35%
    6: severe PD; 10%
    10: unTx caries (1ry); 9%
    36: severe tooth loss; 2%
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12
Q

Why is oral disease still major problem globally?

A

Failure to

  • implement what is known about prevention
  • understand social determinants of oral disease

Reliance on

  • activities by GDP
  • advice to adopt healthy behaviours, avoid unhealthy ones
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13
Q

Recommendations for integrating OH and NCD strategies (FDI, NCDA)

A
  1. Incl. OH in national + global NCD + SDG strategies + monitoring framework
  2. Integrate OH + NCD care into programmes to achieve universal health coverage
  3. Address common risk factors + social determinants of health
  4. Strengthen inter-professional education + collaboration
  5. Promote research into effective interventions for OH + NCD
  6. Adopt an OH and Health in all policies approach
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14
Q

Key components of health care system

A 
Structure: how organised
Functions: what it wants to achieve
Target popn.: who for
Personnel: who provides 
Funding: how funded
Reimbursement: how HCP paid
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15
Q

Describe NHS constitution

A

Provide comprehensive service, available to all
Access based on clinical need not ability to pay
Highest standards of excellence + professionalism
Pt at heart of everything
Work across organisational boundaries
Provide best value for taxpayers’ money
Accountable to public, communities, pt it serves

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16
Q

Overview of NHS structure

A

Commissioners: NHSE, CCGs, Local Authorities
Providers: private, voluntary, GPs + 1ry care, trusts
Regulators: CQC, NHS Improvement

17
Q

Function of health care system

A

Improve health status of individuals/families/communities
Defend popn. against health threats
- immunisations
Protect against financial consequences of ill-health
Provide equitable access to care
Allow people to participate in decisions re health + health system

18
Q

Factors influence health care systems

A 
PEST
Political
Economic
Social
Technological
19
Q

Discuss political and economic impact on health system

A

Political

  • inc. devolved decision making + more active participation in public services
  • inc. choice + competition within health + care markets

Economic
- financial crisis: temporary economy contraction, permanent red. output
— slow recovery potentially impact health + health behaviours

20
Q

Discuss social and technological impact on health care system

A

Social

  • older popn.: >65y; different health needs, specialised HCP req.
  • changing household structures; inc. lone person households
  • large inc. ethnic groups + geographic variation

Technological

  • dec. price inc. accessibility
  • inc. digitalisation of health care
  • inc. opportunities for remote/flexible working
  • potential to change location of care
  • may become inc. personalised
21
Q

Define collaborative practice

A

Dynamic process when multiple health workers from different professional backgrounds work together w/ pt/family/community/carer to delivery highest quality of care

22
Q

Define interprofessional practice and education

A

Practice: ability to share knowledge + skills among professions
- conducive to better understanding, shared values, respect

Education: students from 2/+ professions learn about, from + w/ each other to enable effective collaboration and improve health outcomes

23
Q

Why should collaborative practice be adopted?

A

Common risk factor approach: coordinated tackling of OH can help systemic condition
OH has impact on health related QoL + wider impacts
Poor OH
- dec. academic performance
- adverse behaviour
- adverse social development

24
Q

Benefits of collaborative practice

A

Inc. efficiency + quality in relation to delivery
Improve access + quality of service
Red. costs: avoid duplication
Improves mutual trust + accountability of HCP = better coordinated care

25
Q

Example of collaborative practice

A

NICE: Oral Health in Care Homes (2017)

  1. OH assessment on admission
    - self-care can deteriorate pre-admission
    - OH easily missed if not specifically assessed
    - personalised care can begin immediately (nurse)
  2. OH needs recorded in personal care plan
    - ensure action being taken to meet needs
    - needs regularly reviewed
    - referral to local dental service + collaborate w/ local services
  3. Supported to maintain OH
    - Natural: brush 2x daily F toothpaste
    - C/C: daily hygiene + remove @ night
    - RPD: both
    - good OH: self esteem, dignity, QoL
    - poor OH: dysphonia, difficulty eating + socialising

BDS4 (10 decks)

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