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phC Flashcards

1
Q

isoniazid

A

inhibits acyl carrier protein reductase +beta ketoacy ACP synthase(inhibits synthesis of mycolic acid of cell wall)

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2
Q

rifampin

A

inhibits DNA dependent RNA polymerase → orange urine

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3
Q

pyrazinamide

A

forms pyrazinoic acid→inhibits plasma membrane function

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4
Q

ethambutol

A

inhibits arabinosyl transferase enzyme→inhibits cell wall synthesis of M tuberculosis

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5
Q

streptomycin

A

protein synthesis inhibitors(30S ribosomal subunit) taken IM!!!

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6
Q

kanamycin

A

30S ribosomal subunit inhibitor

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7
Q

cycloserine

A

inhibits D-alanine racemase and D-alaanine-D-alanine ligase→inhibits cell wall synthesis of tuberculosis

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8
Q

dapson

A

inhibits dihydropteroate synthetase→inhibits folate synthesis (used with rifampin for M. leprae)

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9
Q

chloroquine

A

inhibits heme polymerase→cant convert hematin into hemozoin against malaria

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10
Q

mefloquine

A

inhibits heme polymerase(slower than chloroquine) against malaria

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11
Q

quinine

A

similar to chloroquine(for P falciparum)

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12
Q

atovaquone

A

(+proguanil) for P falciparum→inhibits mitochondrial function

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13
Q

proguanil

A

folate synthesis inhibitors for P falciparum(+atovaquone)

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14
Q

artemether

A

blood schizonticide, creating free radicals

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15
Q

lumefantrine

A

+arthemether for P falciparum malaria or chloroquine resistant malaria

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16
Q

primaquine

A

for recurrent malaria(p. ovale+vivax)

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17
Q

metronidazole

A

anti-amoebiasis drug, create free radicals within bacterial cell

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18
Q

mebendazole

A

inhibits polymerizaiton of beta tubulin microtubules(orally)

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19
Q

levamisole

A

depolarizing NM blockade -paralysis for round worms

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20
Q

ivermectin

A

enhance GABA effect in worm by inhibiting glutamate transmission

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21
Q

niclosamide

A

inhibits oxidative phosphorylation for tenia saginata, solium

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22
Q

fluconazole

A

inhibits C14-alpha-demethylase which converts lanosterol into ergosterol

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23
Q

itraconazole

A

inhibits C14-alpha-demethylase which converts lanosterol into ergosterol, against dermatophytosis, coccidioidomycosis, histoplasmosis

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23
Q

voriconazole

A

inhibits C14-alpha-demethylase which converts lanosterol into ergosterol, against invasive aspergillosis, candida esophagitis(AIDS)

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24
Q

clotrimazole

A

inhibits C14-alpha-demethylase which converts lanosterol into ergosterol, for local use like vaginal candidiasis, tinea infection

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25
Q

amphotericin B

A

attacks fungal membrane directly by binding to ergosterol producing channels and destroying osmotic integrity+ cascade of oxidative reactions

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26
Q

nystatin

A

same as amphotericin B→binds to ergosterol and forms pore→ damage fungal membrane directly, used for vaginal candidiasis and diaper rash (TOPICAL USE bc more toxic and not used in systemically, not absorbed from mucous membrane and skin so limited to treatment of superficial candidiasis)

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27
Q

terbinafine

A

inhibitor of squalene epoxidase(squalene→squalene epoxide→ lanosterol into ergosterol)

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28
Q

flucytosine

A

inhibits DNA and RNA synthesis for cryptococcal meningitis(+amphotericin B)

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29
Q

caspofungin

A

inhibition of beta-D-glucan synthase →cell lysis of fungal cell wall

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30
Q

aciclovir

A

iv/oral/locally
phosphorylated accidentally by viral thymidine kinase→incorporated into DNA molecule and acts to inhibit DNA polymerase by competing with natural nucleotides

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31
Q

valaciclovir

A

taken orally**
acyclovir prodrug

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32
Q

ganciclovir

A

IV!!
guanosine analog like acyclovir

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33
Q

valganciclovir

A

PO!!
prodrug of ganciclovir

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34
Q

foscarnet

A

viral DNA polymerase inhibitors for Herpes family(CMV,VZV, HSV), NG for children

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35
Q

cidofovir

A

inhibits viral DNA polymerase (taken IV)
kind of like foscarnet for herpes meds

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36
Q

ribavirin

A

against RSV(AEROSOL, iv,po), RNA pol inhibitor

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37
Q

palivizumab

A

IM, monoclonal antibody against RSV

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38
Q

oseltamivir

A

=tamiflu(PO), against influenza virus A+B, inhibits neuraminidase

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39
Q

zidovudine

A

thyidine analogue, nucloside reverse transcriptase inhibitors

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40
Q

lamivudine

A

cytidine analogue of nucleoside reverst transcriptase inhibitors for HIV

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41
Q

emtricitabine

A

cytidine analogue of nucleoside RTI

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42
Q

tenofovir

A

nucleotide analogue of nucleotide RTI; NO CNS entry

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43
Q

abacavir

A

purine analogue of nucleotide RTI

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44
Q

etravirine

A

NNRTI, only against HIV-1

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45
Q

darunavir

A

protease inhibitors of HIV-cant cleave viral polyprotein into active protein to make new viral particles

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46
Q

ritonavir

A

protease inhibitors of HIV(most commonly used)

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47
Q

lopinavir

A

protease inhibitors of HIV

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48
Q

maraviroc

A

blocks CCR5 coreceptor that works with gp120 for HIV molecule to come inside host cell

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49
Q

dolutegravir

A

integrase inhibitor which cant integrate viral DNA into host DNA to make new HIV viruses

50
Q

interpheron alpha

A

inhibits viral protein synthesis
-promote breakdown of viral RNA
-↑expression of MHC-1 molecule to be detected by cytotoxic T cells
-against Hep B+C

51
Q

tenofovir

A

nucleotide AMP analogue, termination of DNA transcription (NtRTI) for hep B!!

52
Q

entecavir

A

po
-nucleoside guanosine analogue, inhibits RT enzyme
-against hep B

53
Q

grazoprevir

A

NS3/4A protease inhibitors for hep C

54
Q

paritaprevir

A

NS3/4A protease inhibitors for hep C

55
Q

velpatasvir

A

non-nucleotide NS5A polymerase inhibitors for Hep C (chronic)

56
Q

elbasvir

A

non-nucleotide NS5A polymerase inhibitors for Hep C (chronic)

57
Q

dasabuvir

A

Buvir=’B’→ non nucleoside NS5B polymerase inhibitors for hep C

58
Q

sofosbuvir

A

Buvir=’B’→ nucleotide NS5B polymerase inhibitors for Hep C

59
Q

crystalline penicillin G

A

IV

60
Q

benzathine penicillin G

A

IM, against S pyogees, agalactiae, treponema etc

61
Q

penicillin V

A

orally, mainly against oropharyngeal infection

62
Q

flucloxacillin=flucoxacillin

A

one of penicillins!!
intrinsically beta lactamase resistant(bc of bulky side chains), against gram positive aerobes(staph aureus)

63
Q

amoxicillin

A

IV or ORALLY!, betalactamase sensitive penicillins, + clavulanic acid(beta lactamase inhibitor)

64
Q

ampicillin

A

IV or IM, beta lactamase sensitive penicillins, +sulbactam(beta lactamse inhibitor)

65
Q

piperacillin

A

antipseudomonal penicillins, IV, +tazobactam(beta lactam lactamase)

66
Q

cephalexin

A

PO!
1st gen cephalosporin

67
Q

cefazolin

A

IV, 1st gen cephalosporin

68
Q

cefurozime-axetil

A

PO!, 2nd gen cephalosporin

69
Q

cefoxitin

A

IV, 2nd gen cephalosporin

70
Q

cefexime

A

PO, 3rd gen cephalosporin

71
Q

ceftriaxone

A

IV, 3rd gen cephalosporin

72
Q

cefotaxime

A

IV, 3rd gen cephalosporin

73
Q

ceftazidime

A

IV, 3rd gen cephalosporin

74
Q

cefepime

A

IV, 4th gen cephalosporin

75
Q

ceftolozane+tazobactam

A

IV, 4th gen cephalosporin

76
Q

ceftarolin-fosamil

A

IV, 4th gen cephalosporin

77
Q

cefiderocol

A

5th gen cephalosporin

78
Q

imipenem

A

2nd gen carbapenems, resistant to most beta lactamases, PARENTAL admin, for sepsis and pneumonia

79
Q

meropenem

A

2nd gen carbapenems, PARENTAL admin, for meningitis and sepsis

80
Q

doripenem

A

2nd gen carbapenems, PARENTAL admin, for meningitis and sepsis

81
Q

aztreonam

A

monobactam, resistant to beta lactamase enzyme

82
Q

clavulanate

A

beta lactamase inhibitors
=clavulanic acid used +amoxicillin

83
Q

tazobactam

A

beta lactamase inhibitors
+piperacillin(antipseudomonal)

84
Q

vaborbactam

A

carbapenemase inhibitor
+meropenem(carbapenem beta lactam anitibiotic)→towards anti-listeria

85
Q

chloramphenicol

A

IV, 50S subunit inhibitor→block peptidyl transferase against meningitis and RIckettsia infections

86
Q

colistin(polymyxin E)

A

IV or IM, cell membraine inhibitor against acinetobactor buumani

87
Q

SMX+TMP

A

SMX inhibits dihydropteroate synthase enzyme(PABA→dihydropteroate)
TMP inhibits dihydrofolate reductase(dihydropteroic acid →tetrahydrofolate)

88
Q

proguanil

A

prodrug, inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase enzyme against malaria prophylaxis

89
Q

doxycycline(tetracycline)

A

30S subunit inhibitors, PO or IV

90
Q

tigecycline

A

30S subunit inhibitor, only IV!!

91
Q

streptomycin

A

aminoglycosides-30S inhibitor

92
Q

neomycin

A

aminoglycosides-30S inhibitor
only TOPICAL

93
Q

kanamycin

A

aminoglycosides-30S inhibitor

94
Q

gentamycin

A

aminoglycosides-30S inhibitor

95
Q

tobramycin

A

aminoglycosides-30S inhibitor, TOPICAL(cream)=TOBRA

96
Q

amikacin

A

aminoglycosides-30S inhibitor

97
Q

netilmycin

A

aminoglycosides-30S inhibitor

98
Q

norfloxacin

A

1st gen fluoroquinolones

99
Q

ciprofloxacin

A

2nd gen fluoroquinolones

100
Q

ofloxacin

A

2nd gen fluoroquinolones

101
Q

levofloxacin

A

3rd gen fluoroquinolones

102
Q

moxifloxacin

A

4th gen fluoroquinolones

103
Q

clarithromycin

A

inhibits 23S ribosomal RNA of 50S subunit

104
Q

azithromycin

A

inhibits 23S ribosomal RNA of 50S subunit

105
Q

roxithromycin

A

inhibits 23S ribosomal RNA of 50S subunit

106
Q

dose of azithromycin

A

1*500mg for 3 days

107
Q

clindamycin

A

50S inhibitor, orally

108
Q

quinupristin

A

50S inhibitor(prevent elongation of polypeptide), IV

109
Q

dalfopristin

A

50S inhibitor(peptidyl transferase); enhance binding of quinupristin, IV

110
Q

linezolid

A

50S inhibitor(inhibits initiation complex formation @A site)

111
Q

vancomycin

A

cell wall synthesis inhibitor

112
Q

teicoplanin

A

cell wall synthesis inhibitor
kinda like vancomycin

113
Q

oritavancin

A

‘VAN’–vancomycin related, IV, cell wall synthesis inhibitor

114
Q

fusidic acid

A

protein synthesis inh

115
Q

daptomycin

A

inhibits cell membrane by creating efflu pump(of K+) into cell wall
for staph aureus bacteremia

116
Q

bacitracin

A

cell wall inhibitor

117
Q

mupirocin

A

protein synthesis inh for impetigo
(bread jam mup)
isoleucyl tRNA synthesis inhibitors!

118
Q

metronidazole

A

creates free radical O2 species→damage bacteria DNA

119
Q

fidaxomicin

A

prtoein synthesis inh(inh of RNA poly)
mainly against C difficile

120
Q

rifaximin

A

inh of RNA poly

121
Q

nitrofurantoin

A

inh synthesis o protein, cell wall, DNA and RNA, used against UTI!

122
Q

fosfomycin

A

inh enolpyruvate transferase→no formation of N-acetylmuramic acid making cell wall→ inhibits cell wall synthesis, used for women w uncomplicated UTI

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