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MCAT-GENERAL CHEMISTRY > Phases > Flashcards

Phases Flashcards

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1
Q

which bonds are broken in a physical (ex. phase) change?

A

intermolecular forces between molecules or atoms, no intramolecular bonds are made or broken

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2
Q

the higher the average kinetic energy of the molecule of a substance…

A

the greater its entropy

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3
Q

phase changes are the result of:

A

breaking (or forming) intermolecular interactions

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4
Q

which phase is the most ordered and least energetic of the phases?

A

solid

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5
Q

heat of transition

A

the energy required to complete a transition

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6
Q

heat of fusion

A

the amount of heat that must be absorbed to change a solid into a liquid

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7
Q

heat of vaporization

A

the energy absorbed when a liquid changes to a gas

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8
Q

deposition

A

gas to solid

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9
Q

sublimation

A

solid to gas

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10
Q

crystallization

A

liquid to solid

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11
Q

condensation

A

gas to liquid

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12
Q

fusion

A

solid to liquid

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13
Q

vaporization

A

liquid to gas

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14
Q

what is the magnitude of the heat of transition for each phase change directly related to?

A

the strength and number of the intermolecular forces that substances experiences

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15
Q

what does the amount of heat required to cause a change of phase depend on?

A

the type of substance and the amount of substance

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16
Q

what is the result of matter absorbing or releasing energy in between phase changes?

A

increase or decrease in the temperature of the substance, NO PHASE CHANGE

17
Q

what is the result of matter absorbing or releasing energy while undergoing a phase change?

A

phase change but no change in temperature

18
Q

heat capacity C

A

the constant of proportionality that describes the amount of heat absorbed or released by a sample in relation to its change in temperature

19
Q

specific heat, c

A

C=mc, an intrinsic property of the substance that tells us how resistant the substance is to changing temperature

20
Q

calorie

A

the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water by 1 degrees Celsius

21
Q

temperature change is proportional to ______ and inversely proportional to _______

A

proportional to the heat absorbed, inversely proportional to the substance’s heat capacity

22
Q

what does the specific heat of a substance also depend on?

A

the phase of the substance

23
Q

what is the SI unit for energy?

A

joule

24
Q

phase transition diagram/heating curve

A

plots the temperature of the sample vs. the amount of heat absorbed

25
Q

aside from temperature, what else does the phase of the substance depend on?

A

pressure

26
Q

phase diagram

A

figure that shows how phases are determined by temperature and pressure

27
Q

what do the boundary lines between phases in a phase diagram represent?

A

the points at which the two phases are in equilibrium (i.e. phase change)

28
Q

when are solid phases favoured?

A

low temperatures and high pressure

29
Q

when are gas phases favoured?

A

high temperatures and low pressure

30
Q

normal melting point

A

the temperature at the point where the 1atm pressure line in a phase diagram crosses the solid-liquid boundary

31
Q

normal boiling point

A

the temperature at the point where the 1atm pressure line in a phase diagram crosses the liquid-gas boundary

32
Q

triple point

A

the temperature and pressure at which all three phases exist simultaneously in equilibrium, and therefore all phase changes are happening simultaneously

33
Q

critical point

A

marks the end of the liquid-gas boundary. beyond this point, substance displays properties of both liquid (high density) and gas (low viscosity), it thus becomes a supercritical fluid

34
Q

supercritical fluid

A

where the liquid and gas phases are no longer distinct

35
Q

what is exceptional about water and it’s phase diagram?

A

water is denser in the liquid phase than in the solid phase, the solid-liquid boundary line has a slightly negative slope compared to most other substances

MCAT-GENERAL CHEMISTRY (6 decks)

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