Chemistry Fundamentals Flashcards
1mL=
1cm^3=1cc
angstrom
equal to 10^-10 m, abbreviated as A with a circle above it
the angstrom is a convenient unit for:
atomic radii and bond lengths, which are usually around 1-3A
density
mass per volume, SI unit: kg/m^3
molecule
when two or more atoms form a covalent bond
molecular formula
gives the identities and numbers of the atoms in the molecule
empirical formula
the smallest whole numbers that give the same ratio of atoms in the molecular formula
formula weight
the sum of the atomic weights of all the atoms in the molecule
what is the unit for atomic weight?
atomic mass unit (amu)
molecular weight (MW)
weight of a compound that exists as discrete molecules (used instead of formula weight)
mole=Avogadro’s Number, Na
6.02*10^23 entities
1 mole of a substance has a mass in grams equal to:
the mass in amu’s of 1 formula unit of the substance
molarity (M)
the concentration of a solution in terms of moles of solute per volume of the solution
mole fraction
the fraction of moles of a given substance relative to the total moles in a solution
what is requisite for a balanced chemical reaction?
if for every element represented, the number of atoms on the left side of the arrow is equal to the number of atoms on the right side
Law of Conservation of Mass/Matter
the amount of matter (mass) does not change in a chemical reaction
stoichiometric coefficients
gives the ratios of the numbers of molecules (mols) that apply to the combination of reactants and the formation of products
limiting reagent
the reactant that is consumed first, not necessarily the reactant that’s initially present in the smallest amount
how do you indicate heat in a reaction?
by drawing a triangle above the reaction arrow
catalyst
a substance that increases the rate of a reaction without being consumed
how do you indicate catalyst in a reaction?
write catalyst below the reaction arrow
oxidation state/oxidation number
indicates how the atom’s “ownership” of its valence electrons changes when it forms a compound. similar to the “charge” the atom would have if the compound were ionic
ionic compounds involve:
the complete transfer of electrons
