Phase 4 2017 Flashcards
Why is there no PSA screening programme in the UK
No clear policy on who to treat
PSA is not an acceptable test as it is not specific
There is not clear latent phase
Natural history of the disease is not known
When should you offer a PSA
Offer PSA testing to:
Men older than 50 years of age who request a PSA test.
Consider a PSA test in men with:
- Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), such as nocturia, urinary frequency, hesitancy, urgency or retention.
- Erectile dysfunction.
- Visible haematuria.
- Unexplained symptoms that could be due to advanced prostate cancer (for example lower back pain, bone pain, weight loss).
Types of laxatives
Bulk forming laxatives: Ispagula husk
Osmotic: Lactulose
Stimulant: Senna
Prokinetic: Prucalopride
Drugs that cause constipation
Opioids
Calcium tablets
Anticholinergics
Iron tablets
Differentials for quinsy
Parapharyngeal abscess
Lymphoma
Lemierre syndrome
Organisms that cause epydid-orchitis
Chlamydia Trachomastis Neisseria Gonnerhea E.coli Mumps TB
Antibiotics for pylenephritis
NICE recommends co-amoxiclav or ciprofloxacin
Test for chronic hep B infection
HBsAg
Causes of viral meningitis
Cocksackie
Echovirus
HSV 2
Define herd immunity
The resistance to the spread of a contagious disease within a population that results if a sufficiently high proportion of individuals are immune to the disease, especially through vaccination
Name two nephrotoxic drugs and explain how they work
Nephrotoxic drugs, ACEi inhibit efferent arteriole vasoconstriction has lowering the pressure in the glomerulus
NSAIDs: constrict the afferent arteriole, reducing the blood flow to the kidney
Mechanism for describing a rash
SCAM Size (the widest diameter), Shape Colour Associated secondary change Morphology, Margin (border)
Diagnostic tests for bulls penphgoid
Skin biopsy, immunofluorescence: Liner IgG and C3 along the basement membrane
Enzymne linked immunosorbent assay
