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Interventional Spine > Phase 1 Training > Flashcards

Phase 1 Training Flashcards

0
Q

Cross section of an organ

A

A section whose plane is at a right angle with the long axis if the organ

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1
Q

Longitudinal section of an organ

A

A section on or parallel to the long axis

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2
Q

True or false: extension is the opening or moving a structure away from the midline.

A

False- extension is an increase of the angle between the components of a joint, while this definition is for abduction.

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3
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: adduction is the closing or moving a structure towards the midline

A

True

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4
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: the anterior aspect of a line moving toward the midline is lateral rotation

A

False: this is medial rotation, as lateral rotation moves away from the midline

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5
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: flexion is the decrease of the angle in a joint

A

True

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6
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: rotation is the circular motion of a structure around its axis

A

True

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7
Q

When using “right” or “left” during surgery, who is that in reference to? Why is that important?

A

The patients right or left. It is important so that you are communicating clearly and correctly with a physician to assist in protecting the patient, gaining the best outcomes.

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8
Q

What is the difference between a view and a plane in terms of anatomy?

A

A plane is a flat surface formed from a cut through body or organ, while the view is the perspective from which the plane is seen. For example, a transverse plane viewed from the top.

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9
Q

Extra

A

Outside

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10
Q

Contra

A

Against or opposed

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11
Q

Retro

A

Posterior, behind

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12
Q

Intra

A

Within

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13
Q

Cortico

A

Cortex

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14
Q

Peri

A

Around, about

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15
Q

ISO

A

Same, normal

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16
Q

Myel

A

Marrow, spinal cord

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17
Q

Dys

A

Abnormal

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18
Q

Auto

A

Self

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19
Q

Allo

A

Another (human)

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20
Q

Trans

A

Across, through

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21
Q

Neur

A

Nerve

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22
Q

Hema

A

Blood

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23
Q

Lumb

A

Lumbar

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24
Os
Bone
25
Thorac
Chest
26
Spondyl
Vertebra
27
Pneumon
Air, lungs
28
Derma
Skin
29
Chondr
Cartilage
30
Sacr
Sacrum
31
Arthr
Joint
32
Cerebr
Brain
33
Listhesis
Displacement
34
Oma
Tumor
35
Otomy
Cutting into
36
Plegia
Paralysis
37
Desis
Fusion
38
Itis
Inflammation
39
Genic
Causing, origin
40
Otome
Cutting instrument
41
Opsy
Examination
42
Ectomy
Removal, excision
43
Osis
State of many
44
Orrhaphy
Surgical repair
45
What are two functions of the skeleton
1. It is a reservoir for important inorganic elements including calcium and magnesium that is released or absorbed to maintain homeostasis 2. It provides structural support
46
Compare and describe cortical and cancellous bone
Cortical bone- dense outer shell (80% of our skeletal system is made of this) Cancellous/ trabecular bone-spongy bone encased by the strong cortical bone. (20% of skeletal system)
47
How does osteoblastic and osteoclastic activity generate bone?
New bone is generated when osteoblastic activity (bone creation) occurs, while osteoclastic activity (bone destruction) breaks down old bone. This reformation is in response to stressed applied on it (Wolff's law)
48
Axial skeleton
Contains the bones of the head that protect the CNS
49
Appendicular skeleton
Comprised of the bones that make up the shoulder, upper extremities, pelvis, and lower extremities
50
Epiphysis
A part of a long bone from which bone growth occurs (typically at the end of long bones and covered on cartilage).
51
Diaphysis
The shaft of a long bone.
52
Metaphysis
The growing portion of the bone that is located between diaphysis and epiphysis.
53
Osteoblast
Creates of builds bone
54
Osteoclasts
Destroys bone
55
Wolff's law
Bone reformation occurs in response to the stressed that is placed on it. If you don't use it you loose it.
56
Primary curves
Kyphotic curves: thoracic and sacrum
57
Secondary curves
Lordotic curves: cervical and lumbar
58
List the seven bony processes that are found protruding from the vertebral arch
2- transverse processes 4- articulation processes: 2 superior and 2 inferior 1- spinous process
59
How is a dermatome map used?
Doctors use it to diagnose the source of nerve pathologies.
60
List the 4 parts of a synovial joint.
1. Articular surface covered in hyaline cartilage 2. Articular cavity 3. Well- formed capsule with surrounding ligaments 4. A synovial membrane, which secretes synovial fluid
61
What is the function of the dorsal nerve root?
It provides sensory function
62
What is the function of the ventral nerve root?
It provides motor function
63
What are the two regions of the IVD?
1. Anulus fibrosis- outer layer | 2. Nucleus pulposus- inner layer
64
What is the bio mechanical function of the IVD?
It acts as a biological shock absorber and pivot joint for motion
65
List, In order from superficial to deep, the meninges of the spinal cord.
1. Dura matter 2. Arachnoid 3. Pia mater
66
Ligaments
Connect bone to bone
67
The intrasegmental ligament
Holds individual vertebrae together
68
The inter segmental ligament
Holds many vertebrae together
69
Ligamentum flavum
Connects the lamina of the vertebrae and protects neural elements. The strongest of the spinal ligaments, it forms the posterior wall of the spinal canal.
70
Interspinous
Runs from the base of one spinous process to another
71
Supraspinous ligament
Runs along the posterior portion or distal tips of the spinous processesy
72
Spinal canal
Contains the spinal cord and it's coverings, and is a channel created by the sum of the vertebral foramina
73
Spinal cord
The inferior portion of the CNS, and is covered and protected by three concentric layers of meninges (membranes)
74
Meninges
Membranes
75
Sciatic nerve
It exits the sacrum (pelvic area) through the sciatic foramen, and serves the leg flexor muscles. It supplies motor and sensory function to the thigh, knee, calf, ankle, foot and toes.
76
List the posterior, lateral and anterolatetal muscles of the back.
1. Transversospinalis: rotation of the spine | 2. Erector spinae: maintain the spine erect and provide spinal extension
77
Three main types of vertebra
1. Cervical: 7 2. Thoracic- 12 3. Lumbar -5
78
Cauda equina
Nerve roots in spinal canal, inferior to L2 Resembles horses tail in the Dural sac
79
Conus medillaris
Exists at the end of the spinal cord (typically at L1 L2) Conical structure at the end of the spinal cord

Interventional Spine (5 decks)

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