Phase 1 Public Health Flashcards
What are the Four Principles of medical ethics?
Autonomy - allowing a patient to make a rational and informed decision
Beneficence – doing the right thing, to benefit other
Non-maleficence – preventing harm, reducing harm and doing no harm
Justice – being fair in distribution of benefits and risks
What is utilitarianism?
Moral value of actions are placed on its consequences
What is deontology?
Moral value of actions are placed on the act itself
What is virtue ethics?
Moral value of action focuses on development of the agent’s character
What are GMC’s Good Duties of a Doctor?
- Make the care of your patient your first concern
- Keep your professional knowledge and skills up to date
- Treat your patient politely and considerately
- Respect your patient’s right to confidentiality
- Protect and promote the health of patients and the public.
- Treat patients as individuals and respect their dignity. 7. Recognise and work within the limits of your competence.
5 reasons cited for smoking?
- Nicotine addiction
- Coping with stress
- Socialise
- Fear of weight gain
- Habit
some different preparations of Nicotine Replacement Therapy?
Patches, gum, nasal spray, inhalators
Stages of smoking cessation?
- Pre-contemplation
- Contemplation
- Prepare to change
- Action
- Maintenance
- Stable changed lifestyle / Relapse
What is screening?
Investigations to identify individual who are more likely to have the disease
Screening programmes currently available in the UK?
- Breast cancer screen
- Cervical cancer screen
- Bowel cancer screen
- AAA screen
- Diabetic screen
- Antenatal/newborn screen
- SCD/Thalassaemia screen
Wilson and Junger Screening Criteria?
- serious health problem
- aetiology well understood
- detectable early stage
- accepted treatment for the disease
- Facilities for diagnosis and treatment should be available
- A suitable test should be devised for the early stage
- acceptable to the population
- agreed policy on whom to treat
- The cost should be balanced against the benefits
- case finding is a continuous process
What is sensitivity?
the proportion of people with the disease who are correctly identified by the screening test
What is specificity?
the proportion of people without the disease who are correctly excluded by the screening test
What is positive predictive value?
the proportion of people with a positive test result who actually have the disease
What is negative predictive value?
the proportion of people with a negative test result who do not have the disease
