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Physiology Topnotch Phase 0 + BRS > Phase 1 Exam > Flashcards

Phase 1 Exam Flashcards

1
Q

EPO is secreted from:

A

PERITUBULAR CAPILLARIES from cortical nephrons

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2
Q

Function of Vasa Recta

A

COUNTERCURRENT EXCHANGER - maintains concentration gradient

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3
Q

PODOCYTES are also known as:

A

VISCERAL EPITHELIUM

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4
Q

BOWMAN’s CAPSULE is also known as:

A

PARIETAL EPITHELIUM

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5
Q

Cell found in the renal corpuscle which is modified

smooth muscle capable of phagocytosis

A

Mesangial Cell

INTRA and EXTRA Glomerular

Farmer turned soldier

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6
Q

Formula for renal clearance

A

C = UV/P

U = urine conc
V = urine vol
P = plasma conc
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7
Q

Effect of Angiotensin II

A

vasoDILATE AFFerent arteriole

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8
Q

Effect of Nitric Oxide in Kidney

A

vasoCONStrict EFFerent arteriole

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9
Q

Effect of Adenosine

A

vasoCONstrict AFFerent arteriole

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10
Q 
Which solute is mainly reabsorbed in the thick
ascending limb (TAL) of LH?
A

Magnesium

(PASAWAY)

Other solutes are reabsorbed in PCT

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11
Q

Action of ANP and BNP in kidney

A

INHIBIT Na reABSORPtion

A - atrium
B - Bentricles

Counters Aldosterone (stimulates Na reabsorption)

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12
Q

Gain of acids (Metabolic Acidosis)

A

HAGMA

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13
Q

Loss of Bases

Metabolic Acidosis

A

NAGMA

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14
Q

What is the active form of Vitamin D?

A

CALCITRIOL

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15
Q

AuerBACH Plexus is also called?

A

MYEnteric Plexus

MOTILITY

A-M-M

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16
Q

MEISsner Plexus is also called?

A

SubMUCOsal Plexus

SECRETION

M-S-S

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17
Q

GI PHYSIO

TRIGGER: CHON and aa (esp. F, W, M),
Gastric Distention

SOURCE: G cells of the ANTRUM

ACTIONS: Stimulates Parietal cells in
FUNDUS for HCl Secretion

A

(G for) GASTRIN

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18
Q

GI PHYSIO

TRIGGER: H+ in the duodenum, FA in
duodenum

SOURCE: S cells in the duodenum

ACTIONS: Inhibits HCl secretion, increases
biliary and panc. HCO3-

A

SECRETIN

*this hormone does NOT affect pancreatic
ENZYME secretion!

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19
Q

Meaning of GIP

A

Glucose-dependent Insulinotoropic Peptide

Stimulates insulin secretion

Secreted by K cells in duodenum

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20
Q

Damage to this area in the hypothalamus will cause

weight gain

A

VentroMedial

VUTSOG - SATIETY Center

vs

Lateral - Lamon - Hunger center

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21
Q

What is the GI pacemaker?

A

Interstitial cells of Cajal

SLOW WAVES

Slowest - Stomach
Fastest - Duodenum

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22
Q

Empty into the intestinal glands, secrete an alkaline fluid composed of mucin, which exerts a physiologic ANTI-ACID function by coating the duodenal epithelium, therefore protecting it from the acid chyme of the stomach.

A

BRUNNER GLAND secretions

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23
Q

Essential secretion of stomach

A

INTRINSIC Factor (IF)

X Vit B12
X DNA Formation

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24
Q

GI Physio

Contains:

Mucus Neck Cells
Parietal Cells
Chief Cells

A

Oxyntic GLANDS (Body)

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25
Q

GI Physio

Contains:
G Cells
Mucus Cells

A

PYLORIC Glands (Antrum)

26
Q

GI Physio

Contains:
Mucus
HCO3

A

Mucus Cells

Mucus Neck Cells

27
Q

GI Physio

Contains:

HCl
IF

A

PARIETAL cells

28
Q

GI Physio

Contains:

Gastrin

29
Q

GI Physio

Contains:

Serotonin

A

enteroCHROMAFFIN Cells

The OG Boss

30
Q

GI Physio

Contains:

Histamine

A

enterochromafiin-LIKE Cells

The gaya gaya - histamine

31
Q

GI Physio

Contains:

Chief/Peptic Cells

A

PEPSInogen

ChiefPEP

32
Q

Active component of bile?

A

GLYCO-deoxy-cholic
TAURO-deoxy-cholic

GLYCO-litho-cholic
TAURO-litho-cholic

ACIDS

Let’s emulsify knowledge!

33
Q

The only monosaccharides

A

GLUcose
GALACtose
FRUctose

34
Q

Difference of BILIRUBIN and BILE SALTS

A

BILE SALTS - emulsification of fats

BILIRUBIN - breakdown of heme

35
Q

Most common 2nd messenger system

36
Q

Oxytocin is produced from?

A

PARAventricular NUCLEI of ANTERIOR Hypothalamus

37
Q

Vasopressin (ADH) is produced from?

A

SUPERIOR OPTIC NUCLEI of ANTERIOR Hypothalamus

38
Q

The Anterior Pituitary produces what?

A 
[BASOPHILIC]
"BFLAT"
F-SH
L-H
A-CTH
T-SH
M-SH

[ACIDOPHILIC]
GH
PROLACTIN

39
Q

TRUE or FALSE

PTH have direct effect on small intestines.`

40
Q

Function of PTH

A

Inc CALCIUM
(Gustong-gusto talaga ni PTH ang Calcium na willing siya mawala si PHOSPHATE!)

PHOSPHATE-TRASHING HORMONE

41
Q

PRODUCE sperm

A

Seminiferous tubules

Mother

42
Q

MATURES sperm

A

EPIDIDYMIS

School

43
Q

STORES sperm

A

VAS DEFERENS

House

44
Q

SUPPLIES sperm with NUTRIENTS

A

Seminal Vesicle

Father-supplier-store

45
Q

ALKALINIZE sperm

A

PROSTATE GLAND
via 5-alpha reductase
Testosterone –> DHT

(Coach)

46
Q

Main form of estrogen during REPRODUCTIVE YEARS

A

estraDIOL

wifey & hubby

47
Q

Main form of estrogen during PREGNANCY

A

estraTRIOL

wifey, hubby. & baby

48
Q

Main form of estrogen during POST-MENOPAUSAL years

A

estrONE

wifey na lang

49
Q

HEMA PHYSIO

Synthesis of Hgb starts

A

P RO
[erythroblast]

PBPORE

50
Q

HEMA PHYSIO

NuclEOLI disappear

A

B ASOphilic [erythroblast]

PBPORE

51
Q

HEMA PHYSIO

Hgb disappears

A

P OLYchromatic [erythroblast]

PBPORE

52
Q

HEMA PHYSIO

Nucleus disappears

A

O RTHOchromatic [erythroblast]

PBPORE

53
Q

HEMA PHYSIO

Stage that enters blood

A

P OLYchromatic [erythroCYTE]

PBPORE

54
Q

Granulocytes

A

Baso
Eosino
Neutro (highly lobulated)

55
Q

Smallest antibody

56
Q

Antibody that can enter placenta

A

IgG (kasi smallest)

57
Q

Largest antibody

58
Q

Antibody found in human secretions (saliva, Peyer’s, milk)

59
Q

The first step in hemostasis is caused by

A

Endothelin-1

Local myogenic spasm

60
Q

Factor III

A

Tissue Factor (extrinsic)

61
Q

Factor VII

A 
Hageman Factor
(intrinsic)

Physiology Topnotch Phase 0 + BRS (6 decks)

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