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Neuro Exam II > Pharynx - SRS > Flashcards

Pharynx - SRS Flashcards

1
Q

What is the span of the pharynx?

A

Basilar occiput to inferior border of CV6 and cricoid cartilage

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2
Q

What communications does the pharynx possess?

(passages to other spaces)

A
  • Nasal cavities (2)
  • Tympanic cavities (2)
  • Oral cavity
  • Larynx
  • Esophagus
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3
Q

Where is the nasopharynx in relation to the nasal cavities? To the vertebral level?

A

Posterior to nasal cavities

Anterior to CV1 and CV2

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4
Q

Where is the oropharynx relative to the oral cavity?

To the vertebral level?

A

``Posterior to oral cavity

Anterior to CV3

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5
Q

Where is the laryngopharynx relative to the larynx?

Relative to vertebral level?

A

Posterior to larynx

Anterior to CV4 - CV5

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6
Q

Where does the pharynx become continuous with the esophagus?

A

CV6

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7
Q

What is the function of the pharynx?

A

Connects oral and nasal cavities to the larynx for passage of air to the lungs.

Connects oral cavity to the esophagus for passage of food and liquid to the stomach.

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8
Q

What are the three divisions of the pharynx?

A

Nasopharynx – posterior to nasal cavities
Oropharynx – posterior to oral cavity
Laryngopharynx – posterior to larynx

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9
Q

What are the internal features of the nasopharynx?

(6)

A
  1. Pharyngeal recess
  2. pharyngeal tonsil
  3. tubal tonsil
  4. torus tubarius
  5. Salpingopharyngeal fold
  6. Levator pad
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10
Q

Where is the pharyngeal recess?

A

Posterior superior wall of nasopharynx

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11
Q

Where is the pharyngeal tonsil located?

A

Pharyngeal recess

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12
Q

What are adenoids?

What complications can arise due to this?

A

Enlarged inflamed pharyngeal tonsils.

  1. Can obstruct nasopharynx, making breathing difficult.
  2. Infection can spread to tubal tonsils, blocking the auditory tube and impairing hearing.
  3. Infection can spread to middle ear via auditory tube.
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13
Q

If an infection spreads to the middle ear, what is this called?

A

Otitis media

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14
Q

Where is the tubal tonsil located?

A

Near the opening of the auditory tube

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15
Q

The torus tubarius is a mucosal prominence formed by cartilage of the auditory tube. What is the opening below this structure?

A

Opening of the auditory tube

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16
Q

The salpingopharyngeal fold is a fold of mucosa overlying the salpingopharyngeus muscle. What is the action and innervation of the salpingopharyngeus muscle?

A
  1. Assists other pharyngeal muscles during swallowing.
  2. Vagus nerve
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17
Q

Where is the levator pad located?

What is it?

A

Below torus tubarius

Is a fold of mucosa overlying levator veli palatini.

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18
Q

The Levator pad is a fold of mucosa overlying what muscle?

A

Levator Veli Palatini

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19
Q

What are the important components of the oropharynx?

A
  1. Fauces
  2. Faucial pillars
  3. palatoglossal arch
  4. palatopharyngeal arch
  5. tonsillar bed/fossa
  6. palatine tonsil
  7. epiglottic valleculae
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20
Q

What are the fauces?

A

Passageway from mouth to oropharynx

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21
Q

What comprise the faucial pillars?

A

Palatoglossal and palatopharyngeal folds

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22
Q

The palatoglossal arch is a fold of mucosa overlying what muscle?

A

Palatoglossus muscle

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23
Q

What is the function of the palatoglossus muscle?

Innervation?

A

Pulls tongue and soft palate together during swallowing.

Vagus n.

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24
Q

The palatopharyngeal arch is a fold of mucosa overlying what structure?

A

Palatopharyngeus muscle

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25
Q

What is the function of the palatopharyngeus muscle?

Innervation?

A

Swallowing

Vagus n.

26
Q

The tonsillar bed/fossa is a depression between what folds?

A

Palatoglossal and palatopharyngeal folds

27
Q

What structures form the tonsillar bed?

A
  1. Superior constrictor
  2. Hyoglossus
  3. Middle constrictor
28
Q

What is the epiglottic valleculae? What is it formed by?

A
  1. Depressions (2) between epiglottis and posterior tongue.
  2. Formed by lateral and median glossoepiglottic folds.
29
Q

The laryngopharynx has what distinct sections?

A

Laryngeal inlet

Piriform recess

30
Q

What is the laryngeal inlet?

A

Anterior communication with the larynx

31
Q

Where is the piriform recess found?

What runs deep to the mucosa of this recess?

A
  1. Depression lateral to larynx
  2. Internal laryngeal n.
32
Q

Where in the larynx can swallowed/inspired objects lodge?

What can happen if such an object pierces the mucosa of this location?

A

Epiglottic Valleculae or piriform recess.

If the object pierces the mucosa of the piriform recess it can potentially damage the internal laryngeal nerve.

33
Q

What are the fascias of the pharynx?

A

Pharyngobasilar fascia

Buccopharyngeal Fascia

34
Q

What does the pharyngobasilar fascia line?

Is this internal or external?

A

Internal
Lines muscles of pharynx

35
Q

What does the buccopharyngeal fascia cover? Is it internal or external?

A

External
Covers muscles of pharynx

36
Q

What muscles of the pharynx should we be familliar with?

A
  1. Superior constrictor
  2. Middle constrictor
  3. inferior constrictor
  4. stylopharyngeus
  5. salpingopharyngeus
  6. palatopharyngeus
37
Q

The superior constrictor is a circularly oriented muscle that forms the superior portion of pharynx and attaches to the base of the skull. What is the function of this muscle? What is its innervation? Be specific.

A

-constricts walls of pharynx for swallowing

Vagus via pharyngeal plexus

38
Q

The middle constrictor is circularly oriented and attaches to the hyoid bone. This forms the middle portion of the pharynx. What is the innervation and action?

A
  1. Innervation – vagus n via pharyngeal plexus
  2. Function – constricts walls of pharynx for swallowing
39
Q

The stylopharyngeus attaches to the styloid process and thyroid cartilage. What is its action/innervation?

A

•elevates pharynx & larynx during swallowing/speaking

CN IX

40
Q

What is the action of the inferior constrictor?

Innervation?

A
  • N: Vagus via pharyngeal plexus
  • A: constrics walls of pharynx for swallowing
41
Q

Palatopharyngeus originates from the hard and soft palates and inserts at the thyroid cartilage. What is its function/innervation?

A
  1. •N: Vagus via pharyngeal plexus
  2. •A: elevates pharynx & larynx during swallowing/speaking
42
Q

The salpingopharyngeus m. originates at the cartilage of the auditory tube and blends with the palatopharyngeus. What is this muscles innervation and action?

A
  • N: Vagus via pharyngeal plexus
  • A: elevates pharynx & larynx during swallowing/speaking
43
Q

Where do we find Gap 1?

A

Between the base of the skull and the superior constrictor

44
Q

What does Gap 1 allow passage of?

A
  1. Levator Veli Palatini
  2. Auditory tube
45
Q

Where do we find Gap 2?

A

Between superior and middle constrictors.

46
Q

What does gap 2 allow passage of?

A
  1. Stylopharyngeus
  2. Glossopharyngeal n.
47
Q

Where is gap 3 found?

A

Between middle and inferior constrictors

48
Q

What does gap 3 pass?

A
  1. Internal Laryngeal n.
  2. Superior laryngeal artery
49
Q

Where do we find gap 4?

A

Between inferior constrictor muscle and esophagus.

50
Q

What does gap 4 allow passage of?

A
  1. Inferior (recurrent) laryngeal n.
  2. Inferior laryngeal artery
51
Q

What arteries supply the pharynx?

A
  1. Superior thyroid artery
  2. Ascending pharyngeal artery
52
Q

What veins drain the pharynx?

A

Pharyngeal plexus of veins
Drain to internal jugular vein

53
Q

What are the components of the pharyngeal nerve plexus?

A
  1. SVE
    1. Vagus n
    2. Except stylopharyngeus – glossopharyngeal nerve
  2. GVA – Glossopharyngeal n.
  3. Sympathetic fibers – directly from cervical sympathetic chain
54
Q

What are the afferent and efferent limbs of the gag reflex? What is this a response for?

A
  1. Afferent limb – glossopharyngeal nerve
  2. Efferent limb – vagus nerve.
  3. Protective response to prevent foreign objects from passing deeper into pharynx or larynx. Stimulated by touching root of tongue, oropharynx.
55
Q

Where does the pharynx drain lymph to?

A

Tonsillar to Jugulodigastric

General drainage: Retropharyngeal nodes to deep cervical nodes

56
Q

What is Waldeyers ring? What is its function? What is it composed of?

What is it commonly called when inflamed?

A
  1. Waldeyer’s Ring (Tonsillar ring around pharynx)
    • -1st line of protection from outside world
    • -Lingual, Palatine, Tubal & Pharyngeal tonsils
    • Adenoid when inflamed
57
Q

How is the pharyngeal musculature different from that of most of the GI tract?

A
  • Pharynx = voluntary outer circular layer, internal longitudinal layer
  • most of GI tract = involuntary m., inner circular layer with outer longitudinal layer
58
Q

What are we concerned with here?

A

Retropharyngeal abcess

  • may spread to mediastinum or diaphragm via “danger space”
  • Hight mortality due to airway obstruction, mediastinitis, epidural abcess, nec. fasc., sepsis, and carotid a. erosion
59
Q

What does the macintosh blade insert into?

A

Valleculae, for intubation

60
Q

Where does the miller blade go?

A

Longer and straight, grabs epiglottis for intubation

61
Q
A

Neuro Exam II (13 decks)

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