pharynx and larynx Flashcards
cervical levels of pharynx?
base of skull –> C6
from the oropharynx, food passes into what?
laryngopharynx to the esophagus
What is the torus tuberous?
opening of the pharyngotympanic tube (auditory) in the nasopharynx
What opens the pharyngotympanic tube?
salpingopharyngeus and levator levi palatini
regions of laryngopharynx?
superior border of epiglottis–> inferior border of cricoid cartilage (C6).
laryngopharynx communicates with larynx via what?
laryngeal inlet
circular muscles of pharynx?
superior, middle and inferior pharyngeal constrictors
longitudinal muscles of pharynx?
stylopharyngess, palatopharyngeus, and salpingopharyngeus
innervation of superior pharyngeal constrictor?
CN 10 via pharyngeal plexus
attachments of SPC
pharyngeal tubercle and pharyngeal raphe (posterior)
->pterygoid hamulus, pterygomandiular raphe and mandible
attachments of MPC
pharyngeal raphe (posterior) ->stylohyoid ligament and hyoid bone
innervation of MPC?
cranial nerve 10, pharyngeal via plexus
IPC attachment?
pharyngeal raphe (posterior) ->thyroid cartilage and cricoid cartilage
IPC innervation
CN-X via pharyngeal plexus, recurrent laryngeal nerve and external laryngeal nerve (aka: external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve)
action of SPC, MPC, IPC
constricts wall of pharynx during swallowing
What innervates the stylopharyngeus?
9
what innervates palatopharyngeus?
10
what innervates salpingopharyngeus
10
attachments of stylophayrngesus muscle
styloid process–>muscular wall of pharynx and thyroid cartilage
attachments of palatopharyngeus
posterior hard palate and palatine aponeurosis–> muscular wall of pharynx and thyroid cartilage
attachments of salpingopharyngeus
cartilaginous part of pharyngotympanic tube–> muscular wall of pharynx
external fascial lining of pharyngeal muscles called what?
buccopharyngeal fascia
internal fascial lining of pharyngeal muscles?
pharyngobasilar fascia.
action of stylopharyngess, palatopharyngeus and salpingopharyngeus ?
elevate and widen the pharynx during swallowing
how many cartilages does the larynx contain?
9
cervical region of larynx when relaxed?
c3-c6
name the three unpaired cartilages of larynx
thyroid, epiglottis, cricoid
three paired cartilages of larynx
arytenoid, corniculate, cuneiform
thyroid cartilage lies opposite of which vertebra?
C4-C5
superior epiglottic cartilage located near which vertebra?
C3
inferior end of epiglottis is attached to the thyroid cartilage via what?
thryoepiglottic ligament
The depression between the base of the tongue and epiglottis is named the ___________
vallecula
cricoid cartilage located near which vertebra?
C6
cricoid cartilage has articular surfaces for what two things?
inferior horn of thyroid and arytenoid cartilages
the vocal process of the arytenoid cartilage used for attachment of what two things?
vocals muscle and vocal ligament
where is the cuneiform located and what does it provide?
in the aryepiglottic fold, stability to the fold
What are the extrinsic membranes and ligaments of the larynx?
thyrohyoid membrane, and cricotracheal ligament
What are the intrinsic membranes and ligaments of the larynx?
cricothyroid membrane, quadrangular membrane, vestibular ligament, and vocal ligaments
free margins of the cricothyroid membrane forms what
vocal ligament
where is the quadrangular membrane?
from epiglottis –> arytenoid cartilage
free superior region go the quadrangular membrane forms what?
aryepliglottic ligament
free inferior margin of the quadrangular membrane forms what?
vestibular ligament
vestibular ligament forms what?
the vestibular folds or false vocal cords
opening between vestibular folds is called what?
rima vestibulli
vocal ligaments form what?
true vocal folds
opening between vocal folds called what?
rima glottidis
If an object is lost, and is not found in these three areas, it should be assumed it has been swallowed.
supratonsillar recess, epiglottic vallecula, and piriform recess
regions of the laryngeal vestibule?
between laryngeal inlet and the vestibular folds
regions of middle laryngeal cavity
from vestibular folds to vocal folds
regions of infraglottic cavity?
between focal folds and carotid caritlage
What is the laryngeal ventricle?
extends laterally from the middle laryngeal cavity
what is the laryngeal saccule?
extension of the ventricle; with numerous mucous glands which assist in lubricating the vocal folds
cricothyroid muscle does what to the vocal ligaments?
lengthens
circothyroid muscle innervated by what?
external branch of superior laryngeal nerve
What is the only muscle to open the rima glottidis?
posterior cricoarytenoid muscle
action of cricoarytenoid muscle?
abducts the vocal folds/opens rims glottidis.
cricoarytenoid muscle innervated by what ?
recurrent laryngeal nerve
Lateral Cricoarytenoid Muscle action?
close rima glottidis
Lateral Cricoarytenoid Muscle innervated by what?
recurrent laryngeal nerve
Arytenoid (transverse and oblique action?
adducts arytenoid cartilages, closing the posterior rima glottidis
Arytenoid (transverse and oblique innervation?
recurrent laryngeal nerve
Vocals Muscles innervation?
recurrent laryngeal nerve
Vocals Muscles action?
produces minute adjustments of the vocal ligaments; contraction produces localized relaxation/tension of the vocal ligament
Thyroarytenoid Muscles innervation?
recurrent laryngeal nerve
Thyroarytenoid Muscles action?
The thyroarytenoids draw the arytenoid cartilages towards the thyroid cartilage, thereby shortening and relaxing the vocal ligaments.
longer vocal ligaments =
lower voice
shorter vocal ligaments=
higher voice
What causes high pitch?
increase tension in vocal ligaments, increase vibration
What causes low pitch?
decrease in tension, decrease vibration.
Is the epiglottis required for safe swallowing?
no
is the closure of rima glottides required to protect the airway?
yes
