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Gross Anatomy > pharynx and larynx > Flashcards

pharynx and larynx Flashcards

1
Q

cervical levels of pharynx?

A

base of skull –> C6

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2
Q

from the oropharynx, food passes into what?

A

laryngopharynx to the esophagus

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3
Q

What is the torus tuberous?

A

opening of the pharyngotympanic tube (auditory) in the nasopharynx

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4
Q

What opens the pharyngotympanic tube?

A

salpingopharyngeus and levator levi palatini

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5
Q

regions of laryngopharynx?

A

superior border of epiglottis–> inferior border of cricoid cartilage (C6).

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6
Q

laryngopharynx communicates with larynx via what?

A

laryngeal inlet

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7
Q

circular muscles of pharynx?

A

superior, middle and inferior pharyngeal constrictors

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8
Q

longitudinal muscles of pharynx?

A

stylopharyngess, palatopharyngeus, and salpingopharyngeus

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9
Q

innervation of superior pharyngeal constrictor?

A

CN 10 via pharyngeal plexus

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10
Q

attachments of SPC

A

pharyngeal tubercle and pharyngeal raphe (posterior)

->pterygoid hamulus, pterygomandiular raphe and mandible

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11
Q

attachments of MPC

A 
pharyngeal raphe (posterior) 
 ->stylohyoid ligament and hyoid bone
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12
Q

innervation of MPC?

A

cranial nerve 10, pharyngeal via plexus

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13
Q

IPC attachment?

A 
pharyngeal raphe (posterior) 
 ->thyroid cartilage and cricoid cartilage
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14
Q

IPC innervation

A

CN-X via pharyngeal plexus, recurrent laryngeal nerve and external laryngeal nerve (aka: external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve)

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15
Q

action of SPC, MPC, IPC

A

constricts wall of pharynx during swallowing

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16
Q

What innervates the stylopharyngeus?

A

9

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17
Q

what innervates palatopharyngeus?

A

10

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18
Q

what innervates salpingopharyngeus

A

10

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19
Q

attachments of stylophayrngesus muscle

A

styloid process–>muscular wall of pharynx and thyroid cartilage

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20
Q

attachments of palatopharyngeus

A

posterior hard palate and palatine aponeurosis–> muscular wall of pharynx and thyroid cartilage

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21
Q

attachments of salpingopharyngeus

A

cartilaginous part of pharyngotympanic tube–> muscular wall of pharynx

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22
Q

external fascial lining of pharyngeal muscles called what?

A

buccopharyngeal fascia

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23
Q

internal fascial lining of pharyngeal muscles?

A

pharyngobasilar fascia.

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24
Q

action of stylopharyngess, palatopharyngeus and salpingopharyngeus ?

A

elevate and widen the pharynx during swallowing

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25
Q

how many cartilages does the larynx contain?

A

9

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26
Q

cervical region of larynx when relaxed?

A

c3-c6

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27
Q

name the three unpaired cartilages of larynx

A

thyroid, epiglottis, cricoid

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28
Q

three paired cartilages of larynx

A

arytenoid, corniculate, cuneiform

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29
Q

thyroid cartilage lies opposite of which vertebra?

A

C4-C5

30
Q

superior epiglottic cartilage located near which vertebra?

A

C3

31
Q

inferior end of epiglottis is attached to the thyroid cartilage via what?

A

thryoepiglottic ligament

32
Q

The depression between the base of the tongue and epiglottis is named the ___________

A

vallecula

33
Q

cricoid cartilage located near which vertebra?

A

C6

34
Q

cricoid cartilage has articular surfaces for what two things?

A

inferior horn of thyroid and arytenoid cartilages

35
Q

the vocal process of the arytenoid cartilage used for attachment of what two things?

A

vocals muscle and vocal ligament

36
Q

where is the cuneiform located and what does it provide?

A

in the aryepiglottic fold, stability to the fold

37
Q

What are the extrinsic membranes and ligaments of the larynx?

A

thyrohyoid membrane, and cricotracheal ligament

38
Q

What are the intrinsic membranes and ligaments of the larynx?

A

cricothyroid membrane, quadrangular membrane, vestibular ligament, and vocal ligaments

39
Q

free margins of the cricothyroid membrane forms what

A

vocal ligament

40
Q

where is the quadrangular membrane?

A

from epiglottis –> arytenoid cartilage

41
Q

free superior region go the quadrangular membrane forms what?

A

aryepliglottic ligament

42
Q

free inferior margin of the quadrangular membrane forms what?

A

vestibular ligament

43
Q

vestibular ligament forms what?

A

the vestibular folds or false vocal cords

44
Q

opening between vestibular folds is called what?

A

rima vestibulli

45
Q

vocal ligaments form what?

A

true vocal folds

46
Q

opening between vocal folds called what?

A

rima glottidis

47
Q

If an object is lost, and is not found in these three areas, it should be assumed it has been swallowed.

A

supratonsillar recess, epiglottic vallecula, and piriform recess

48
Q

regions of the laryngeal vestibule?

A

between laryngeal inlet and the vestibular folds

49
Q

regions of middle laryngeal cavity

A

from vestibular folds to vocal folds

50
Q

regions of infraglottic cavity?

A

between focal folds and carotid caritlage

51
Q

What is the laryngeal ventricle?

A

extends laterally from the middle laryngeal cavity

52
Q

what is the laryngeal saccule?

A

extension of the ventricle; with numerous mucous glands which assist in lubricating the vocal folds

53
Q

cricothyroid muscle does what to the vocal ligaments?

A

lengthens

54
Q

circothyroid muscle innervated by what?

A

external branch of superior laryngeal nerve

55
Q

What is the only muscle to open the rima glottidis?

A

posterior cricoarytenoid muscle

56
Q

action of cricoarytenoid muscle?

A

abducts the vocal folds/opens rims glottidis.

57
Q

cricoarytenoid muscle innervated by what ?

A

recurrent laryngeal nerve

58
Q

Lateral Cricoarytenoid Muscle action?

A

close rima glottidis

59
Q

Lateral Cricoarytenoid Muscle innervated by what?

A

recurrent laryngeal nerve

60
Q

Arytenoid (transverse and oblique action?

A

adducts arytenoid cartilages, closing the posterior rima glottidis

61
Q

Arytenoid (transverse and oblique innervation?

A

recurrent laryngeal nerve

62
Q

Vocals Muscles innervation?

A

recurrent laryngeal nerve

63
Q

Vocals Muscles action?

A

produces minute adjustments of the vocal ligaments; contraction produces localized relaxation/tension of the vocal ligament

64
Q

Thyroarytenoid Muscles innervation?

A

recurrent laryngeal nerve

65
Q

Thyroarytenoid Muscles action?

A

The thyroarytenoids draw the arytenoid cartilages towards the thyroid cartilage, thereby shortening and relaxing the vocal ligaments.

66
Q

longer vocal ligaments =

A

lower voice

67
Q

shorter vocal ligaments=

A

higher voice

68
Q

What causes high pitch?

A

increase tension in vocal ligaments, increase vibration

69
Q

What causes low pitch?

A

decrease in tension, decrease vibration.

70
Q

Is the epiglottis required for safe swallowing?

A

no

71
Q

is the closure of rima glottides required to protect the airway?

A

yes

Gross Anatomy (11 decks)

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