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Neuro Exam 3 > Pharynx > Flashcards

Pharynx Flashcards

1
Q

what is the pharynx ?

where does it extend to?

what areas does it connect

A

A. The pharynx is a musculofascial tube serving respiratory and digestive functions.

B. Extends from base of the skull to CV6, where it is continuous with esophagus.

C. Connects oral and nasal cavities to larynx, for passage of air to and from lungs.

D. Connects oral cavity to the esophagus for passage of food/liquids to the stomach.

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2
Q

what are the 3 divisions of the pharynx

A
  1. Nasopharynx – posterior to nasal cavities
  2. Oropharynx – posterior to oral cavity
  3. Laryngopharynx – posterior to larynx, anterior to CV4-5
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3
Q

what are the 7 cavities that the pharynx communicates with?

A
  1. Nasal cavities (2) via choanae
  2. Tympanic cavities (2) via auditory (pharyngotympanic; Eustachian) tube
  3. Oral cavity
  4. Larynx
  5. Esophagus
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4
Q

what is the pharyngeal recess

A

located on the posterior superior wall of nasopharynx (roof)

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5
Q

where is the pharyngeal tonsil?

A

located within pharyngeal recess

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6
Q

what is clinically significant about the pharyngeal tonsils?

A

Adenoids – enlarged, inflamed pharyngeal tonsils. Enlarged tonsils can obstruct nasopharynx, making breathing difficult. Infection can also spread to tubal tonsils; blocking the auditory tube and impairing hearing. Infections can also spread to middle ear (causing otitis media) via the auditory tube

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7
Q

where is the tubal tonsil

A

located near the opening of auditory tube

lymphoid tissue

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8
Q

what is the torus tubarius

A

tubal elevation
a mucosal prominence formed by cartilage of auditory tube

pharyngeal ostium below torus tubarius represents opening of auditory tube

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9
Q

what is the salpingopharygeal fold

A

fold of mucosa overlying salpingopharyngeus muscle

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10
Q

attachments of salpingopharygneal muscle

innervation?
funciton?

A

b. Salpingopharyngeus muscle
1. Origin – cartilage of auditory tube
2. Insertion – thyroid cartilage
3. Innervation – vagus nerve
4. Function – assists other pharyngeal muscles during swallowing

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11
Q

what is the levator pad

A

located below torus tubarius

fold of mucosa overlying levator veli palatine muscle

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12
Q

what is the oropharynx

A

portion of pharynx posterior to oral cavity

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13
Q

what is a fauces

A

passageway from mouth to oropharynx

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14
Q

what are the faucial pillars

A

palatoglossal and palatopharyngeal folds

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15
Q

what is the palatoglossal arch

A

fold of mucosa overlying palatogluss muscles

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16
Q

attachments of palatoglossus muscle

innervation
function

A
  1. Origin – soft palate
  2. Insertion – tongue
  3. Innervation – vagus n
  4. Function – pulls tongue and soft palate together during swallowing
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17
Q

what is the tonsillar bed/fossa and what structures form the tonsillar bed

A

depression b/w palatoglossal and palatopharyngeal folds

  1. Superior constrictor
  2. Hyoglossus
  3. Middle constrictor
18
Q

attachments of the palatopharygeus muscle

innervation
function

A
  1. Origin – soft palate
  2. Insertion – thyroid cartilage
  3. Innervation – vagus n
  4. Function – swallowing
19
Q

what is the palatopharyngeal arch

A

fold of mucosa overlying palatopharyngeus muscle

20
Q

where is the palatine tonsil

A

within the tonsillar bed

21
Q

what is the epiglottic valleculae

A

depressions (2) between epiglottis and posterior tongue

formed by lateral and median glossoepiglottic folds

22
Q

where is the piriform recess?
what runs through this area?
what is clinically significant about this area?

A
  1. Piriform recess
    a. Depression lateral to larynx
    b. Internal laryngeal nerve runs deep to the mucosa of the piriform recess.
  2. Narrows inferiorly to become continuous with the esophagus.
  3. CLINICAL CORRELATION: Swallowed/inspired objects can sometimes lodge in the epiglottic valleculae or piriform recesses. If an object pierces the mucosa of the piriform recess it can potentially damage the internal laryngeal nerve.
23
Q

what are the two fascias of the pharynx

A

A. Pharyngobasilar fascia

  1. Internal
  2. Lines muscles of pharynx

B. Buccopharyngeal fascia

  1. External
  2. Covers muscles of pharynx
24
Q

superior constrictor

A

forms superior portion of pharynx

attaches to base of skull
vagus via pharyngeal plexus

swallowing

25
Q

middle constrictor

A

circularly oriented muscle forming middle portion of pharynx

attaches to hyoid bone

vagus

swallowing

26
Q

inferior constrictor

A

circularly oriented forming inferior portion of pharynx

attaches to thyroid and cricoid cartilages

vagus
swallowing

27
Q

where does the pharyngeal raphe attach?

A

pharygneal tubercle on base of skull

28
Q

stylopharygneus attachments

innervation!!

function

A
  1. Origin – styloid process
  2. Insertion – thyroid cartilage
  3. Function – swallowing
  4. Innervation – CN IX

b/w middle and superior constrictors

29
Q

salpingopharyngeus
attachments
innervation
function

A
  1. Origin – cartilage of auditory tube
  2. Insertion – thyroid cartilage
  3. Function – swallowing
  4. Innervation – CN X
30
Q

palatopharyngeus

A
  1. Origin – hard and soft palates
  2. Insertion – thyroid cartilage
  3. Function – swallowing
  4. Innervation – CN X
31
Q

why are there gaps in the pharygneal wall

A

b/c the overlapping pharyngeal constrictor muscles leave gaps in walls of pharynx and these gaps allow for passage of structures to and from the pharynx

32
Q

gap 1

A
  1. Between base of skull and superior constrictor

2. Allows for passage of levator veli palatini and auditory tube.

33
Q

gap 2

A
  1. Between superior and middle constrictors

2. Allows for passage of stylopharyngeus and glossopharyngeal n

34
Q

gap 3

A
  1. Between middle and inferior constrictors

2. Allows for passage of internal laryngeal nerve and superior laryngeal artery

35
Q

gap 4

A
  1. Between inferior constrictor muscle and esophagus

2. Allows for passage of inferior (recurrent) laryngeal nerve and artery.

36
Q

what is the arterial supply to the pharynx

A
  1. Superior thyroid artery

2. Ascending pharyngeal artery

37
Q

what is the venous drainage of the pharynx

A

pharyngeal plexus of veins

drain to INTERNAL jugular vein

38
Q

what components are in the pharyngeal nerve plexus

A

GVA – from CN IX
GVE-P from CN X
SVE – from CN X (except stylopharyngeus – CN IX)
GVE-S directly from sympathetic chain

39
Q

where does the glossopharyngeal travel in the pharynx

A

sits on top of the stylopharyngeus

40
Q

what is the gag reflex?

A
  1. Afferent limb – glossopharyngeal nerve (in by 9) GVA component
  2. Efferent limb – vagus nerve. (out by 10)
  3. Protective response to prevent foreign objects from passing deeper into pharynx or larynx. Stimulated by touching root of tongue, oropharynx.
41
Q

what is the lymphatics drainage of the pharynx

A

A. Retropharyngeal lymph nodes drain to deep cervical lymph nodes
B. Deep cervical lymph nodes

Neuro Exam 3 (12 decks)

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