Nasopharyngeal tonsil Pharyngeal bursa- by notochord adhesion to posterior wall of foregut, have mucus glands Sometimes, pharyngeal hypophysis is present formed by rathke's pouch backward extension

Pharynx Flashcards by Monika Choudhary

Pharynx length

12cm

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Pharynx length

12cm

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Pharynx

Throat

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Pharynx divisions

Nasopharynx- 3cm wide(from sphenoid to soft palate)
Oropharynx - narrow(from soft palate to epiglottis)
Laryngopharynx - narrowest(epiglottis to cricoid lower border)

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Extent of pharynx

Below sphenoid and basilar part of occipital bone(front of pharyngeal tubercle) to 6th cervical vertebrae or cricoid cartilage lower border from where it continues as oesophagus

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Lateral boundaries of pharynx

Medial plate
Pterygomandibular raphae
Tongue 
Hyoid bone
Mandible
Thyroid and cricoid cartilage
Middle ear 
Styloid process and muscles to it
Common, internal, external carotid arteries and cervical plexus

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Communication between nasopharynx and middle ear

Pterygotympanic tube

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Mucus diverticulum

Nasopharyngeal bursa

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Lining epithelium of each part

Ciliated columnar -nasopharynx

St. Sq. NK - oro and laryngopharynx

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Waldeyer’s ring

Posterior and uppermost- nasopharyngeal
Lateral and above- tubal tonsils
Tonsillar fossa- palatine tonsil
Below - lingual tonsil

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Nasopharyngeal tonsil hypertrophy/ adenoids

Mouth breathing

Regress with puberty

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Tubal tonsil hypertrophy

Middle ear problems

May occlude auditory or pharyngotympanic tube

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Nasopharynx lateral wall

Tubal elevation
Tubal tonsils
Salpingopharyngeal fold & muscle
Palatopharyngeal fold

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Nasopharynx roof

Nasopharyngeal tonsil
Pharyngeal bursa- by notochord adhesion to posterior wall of foregut, have mucus glands
Sometimes, pharyngeal hypophysis is present formed by rathke’s pouch backward extension

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Laryngeal inlet

Epiglottis
Aryepiglottic fold
Arytenoid
Thyroid and cricoid cartilage

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Piriform fossa

Medially by aryepiglottic fold

Laterally by thyrohyoid membrane

Nerve in piriform fossa

Internal laryngeal nerve

Pharynx structure

Mucosa
Submucosa
Pharyngobasilar fascia/ pharyngeal aponeurosis- cover sinus of morgagni superiorly
Muscles- outer constrictor or circular, inner longitudinal
Buccopharyngeal fasica

Superior constrictor

Origin- medial pterygoid plate
             Pterygoid ramulus
             Pterygomandibular raphae
             Mandible
             Tongue

Middle constrictor

Origin- hyoid greater cornua
Lesser cornua
Stylohyoid ligament

Inferior constrictor

Origin- thyroid cartilage oblique line

Cricoid cartilage posterior surface

Constrictor insertion

Median fibrous pharyngeal raphae

Sinus of morgagni

Space between superior constrictor upper border and base of skull
Have auditory tube, levator veli palitini, ascending palatine artery

Between sup. & Middle constrictor

Stylopharyngeus muscle & glossopharyngeal nerve

Between mid. & Inf. Constrictor

Superior laryngeal vessels | Internal laryngeal nerve

Killian's dehiscence

Between cricopharyngeus and thyropharyngeus muscle

Pharyngeal diverticulum

Pharyngeal mucus membrane outpouching from killian dehiscence due to neuromuscular incoordination of thyro & cricopharyngeus muscle

Between laryngopharynx and oesophagus

Recurrent laryngeal nerve | Inferior laryngeal vessels

Longitudinal muscles

Stylopharyngeus- from styloid process medial surface Palatopharyngeus Salpingopharyngeus All insert in conjoint tendon at posterior border of thyroid cartilage

Quinsy

Suppuration in pretonsillar area

Haemorrhage check by clot removal

Tonsillectomy | Uterus post partum

Palatine tonsil develop from

Endoderm of second pharyngeal pouch ventral part