Pharynx Flashcards
Pharynx length
12cm
Pharynx length
12cm
Pharynx
Throat
Pharynx divisions
Nasopharynx- 3cm wide(from sphenoid to soft palate)
Oropharynx - narrow(from soft palate to epiglottis)
Laryngopharynx - narrowest(epiglottis to cricoid lower border)
Extent of pharynx
Below sphenoid and basilar part of occipital bone(front of pharyngeal tubercle) to 6th cervical vertebrae or cricoid cartilage lower border from where it continues as oesophagus
Lateral boundaries of pharynx
Medial plate Pterygomandibular raphae Tongue Hyoid bone Mandible Thyroid and cricoid cartilage Middle ear Styloid process and muscles to it Common, internal, external carotid arteries and cervical plexus
Communication between nasopharynx and middle ear
Pterygotympanic tube
Mucus diverticulum
Nasopharyngeal bursa
Lining epithelium of each part
Ciliated columnar -nasopharynx
St. Sq. NK - oro and laryngopharynx
Waldeyer’s ring
Posterior and uppermost- nasopharyngeal
Lateral and above- tubal tonsils
Tonsillar fossa- palatine tonsil
Below - lingual tonsil
Nasopharyngeal tonsil hypertrophy/ adenoids
Mouth breathing
Regress with puberty
Tubal tonsil hypertrophy
Middle ear problems
May occlude auditory or pharyngotympanic tube
Nasopharynx lateral wall
Tubal elevation
Tubal tonsils
Salpingopharyngeal fold & muscle
Palatopharyngeal fold
Nasopharynx roof
- Nasopharyngeal tonsil
- Pharyngeal bursa- by notochord adhesion to posterior wall of foregut, have mucus glands
- Sometimes, pharyngeal hypophysis is present formed by rathke’s pouch backward extension
Laryngeal inlet
Epiglottis
Aryepiglottic fold
Arytenoid
Thyroid and cricoid cartilage
Piriform fossa
Medially by aryepiglottic fold
Laterally by thyrohyoid membrane
Nerve in piriform fossa
Internal laryngeal nerve
Pharynx structure
- Mucosa
- Submucosa
- Pharyngobasilar fascia/ pharyngeal aponeurosis- cover sinus of morgagni superiorly
- Muscles- outer constrictor or circular, inner longitudinal
- Buccopharyngeal fasica
Superior constrictor
Origin- medial pterygoid plate
Pterygoid ramulus
Pterygomandibular raphae
Mandible
TongueMiddle constrictor
Origin- hyoid greater cornua
Lesser cornua
Stylohyoid ligament
Inferior constrictor
Origin- thyroid cartilage oblique line
Cricoid cartilage posterior surface
Constrictor insertion
Median fibrous pharyngeal raphae
Sinus of morgagni
Space between superior constrictor upper border and base of skull
Have auditory tube, levator veli palitini, ascending palatine artery
Between sup. & Middle constrictor
Stylopharyngeus muscle & glossopharyngeal nerve
Between mid. & Inf. Constrictor
Superior laryngeal vessels
Internal laryngeal nerve
Killian’s dehiscence
Between cricopharyngeus and thyropharyngeus muscle
Pharyngeal diverticulum
Pharyngeal mucus membrane outpouching from killian dehiscence due to neuromuscular incoordination of thyro & cricopharyngeus muscle
Between laryngopharynx and oesophagus
Recurrent laryngeal nerve
Inferior laryngeal vessels
Longitudinal muscles
Stylopharyngeus- from styloid process medial surface
Palatopharyngeus
Salpingopharyngeus
All insert in conjoint tendon at posterior border of thyroid cartilage
Quinsy
Suppuration in pretonsillar area
Haemorrhage check by clot removal
Tonsillectomy
Uterus post partum
Palatine tonsil develop from
Endoderm of second pharyngeal pouch ventral part
